Antarktis-bibliografi er en database over den norske Antarktis-litteraturen.
Hensikten med bibliografien er å synliggjøre norsk antarktisforskning og annen virksomhet/historie i det ekstreme sør. Bibliografien er ikke komplett, spesielt ikke for nyere forskning, men den blir oppdatert.
Norsk er her definert som minst én norsk forfatter, publikasjonssted Norge eller publikasjon som har utspring i norsk forskningsprosjekt.
Antarktis er her definert som alt sør for 60 grader. I tillegg har vi tatt med Bouvetøya.
Det er ingen avgrensing på språk (men det meste av innholdet er på norsk eller engelsk). Eldre norske antarktispublikasjoner (den eldste er fra 1894) er dominert av kvalfangst og ekspedisjoner. I nyere tid er det den internasjonale polarforskninga som dominerer. Bibliografien er tverrfaglig; den dekker både naturvitenskapene, politikk, historie osv. Skjønnlitteratur er også inkludert, men ikke avisartikler eller upublisert materiale.
Til høyre finner du en «HELP-knapp» for informasjon om søkemulighetene i databasen. Mange referanser har lett synlige lenker til fulltekstversjon av det aktuelle dokumentet. For de fleste tidsskriftartiklene er det også lagt inn sammendrag.
Bibliografien er produsert ved Norsk Polarinstitutts bibliotek.
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Results 192 resources
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Ongoing studies conducted in northern polar regions reveal that permafrost stability plays a key role in the modern carbon cycle as it potentially stores considerable quantities of greenhouse gases. Rapid and recent warming of the Arctic permafrost is resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions, both from physical and microbial processes. The potential impact of greenhouse gas release from the Antarctic region has not, to date, been investigated. In Antarctica, the McMurdo Dry Valleys comprise 10 % of the ice-free soil surface areas in Antarctica and like the northern polar regions are also warming albeit at a slower rate. The work presented herein examines a comprehensive sample suite of soil gas (e.g., CO2, CH4 and He) concentrations and CO2 flux measurements conducted in Taylor Valley during austral summer 2019/2020. Analytical results reveal the presence of significant concentrations of CO2, CH4 and He (up to 3.44 vol%, 18,447 ppmv and 6.49 ppmv, respectively) at the base of the active layer. When compared with the few previously obtained measurements, we observe increased CO2 flux rates (estimated CO2 emissions in the study area of 21.6 km2 ≈ 15 tons day−1). We suggest that the gas source is connected with the deep brines migrating from inland (potentially from beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet) towards the coast beneath the permafrost layer. These data provide a baseline for future investigations aimed at monitoring the changing rate of greenhouse gas emissions from Antarctic permafrost, and the potential origin of gases, as the southern polar region warms.
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A dataset to describe exposed bedrock and surficial geology of Antarctica has been constructed by the GeoMAP Action Group of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and GNS Science. Our group captured existing geological map data into a geographic information system (GIS), refined its spatial reliability, harmonised classification, and improved representation of glacial sequences and geomorphology, thereby creating a comprehensive and coherent representation of Antarctic geology. A total of 99,080 polygons were unified for depicting geology at 1:250,000 scale, but locally there are some areas with higher spatial resolution. Geological unit definition is based on a mixed chronostratigraphic- and lithostratigraphic-based classification. Description of rock and moraine polygons employs the international Geoscience Markup Language (GeoSciML) data protocols to provide attribute-rich and queryable information, including bibliographic links to 589 source maps and scientific literature. GeoMAP is the first detailed geological map dataset covering all of Antarctica. It depicts ‘known geology’ of rock exposures rather than ‘interpreted’ sub-ice features and is suitable for continent-wide perspectives and cross-discipline interrogation.
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Tafoni are a type of cavernous weathering that is found in a variety of rock types and locations around the world. Tafoni have been documented in a number of climatic zones ranging from hot and cold deserts to moist coastal environments. Despite the widespread distribution of tafoni, the major processes controlling tafoni weathering are not well understood and are still a matter of discussion. This study addresses the frequent distribution of well-developed tafoni in the cold, arid environment of the inland mountain range of central Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The aim is to document and characterize the nature of tafoni present in Gjelsvikfjella (2°E) eastward to Filchnerfjella (8°E) and to discuss formation processes. The cavities occur in groups and are typically spherical to oval shaped. They range in diameter and depth from 1 dm up to 1.5 m. The cold, arid environment of this region favors mechanical weathering mechanisms such as freeze-thaw actions and wind abrasion. Furthermore, the structural, textural, and mineralogical properties of the parent rock can potentially have a strong control on weathering and cavity development. Observed tafoni are typically formed in massive granitoid intrusives and granitic gneisses and migmatites. Chemical dissolution of pyroxene to iddingsite and radiation from rare earth element–bearing accessory minerals cause microfracturing, which facilitates freeze-thaw actions and accordingly enhances the weathering.
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Dronning Maud Land, som er Norges territoriale krav i Antarktis, utgjør nærmere 1/6 av det antarktiske kontinentet. Geologisk kartlegging og forskning i Dronning Maud Land er en nasjonal oppgave og i Antarktis-sammenheng kan det betraktes som en måte å vise fortsatt interesse i Norges territoriale krav.
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AbstractOur study of a banded charnockite complex of the Mühlig-Hofmannfjella in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, illustrates how the combination of high-temperature (re-)crystallization processes, melts, and volatile fluids leads to complex intrusive, metasomatic, and structural relationships. The igneous complex consists of gently dipping sets of charnockite interlayered with dolerite and leucogranite. The banded complex formed primarily by magmatic processes, but with superimposed modifications by metasomatism. The charnockite has a ferroan composition and contains both orthopyroxene (Fs80?84) and olivine (Fa94?96). Zircon U-Pb dates the emplacement of charnockite at 515 Ma, and inherited zircon cores and negative εNd values of ?3 to ?5 indicate that the age of the source of the magma was about 1100 Ma. Neodymium isotopes were not homogenized during the Cambrian magmatic event, which suggests that the generation and emplacement of the magma took place in separate batches during construction of the banded complex. By contrast, the Rb-Sr system in the charnockite was extensively homogenized, likely because of the superimposed late-magmatic fluid activity, which also produced the bands and networks of leucogranites. These events occurred during the late stages of the assembly of Gondwana, with postcollisional extension and mantle upwelling maintaining a high heat flow.
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The coast-parallel Dronning Maud Land (DML) mountains represent a key nucleation site for the protracted glaciation of Antarctica. Their evolution is therefore of special interest for understanding the formation and development of the Antarctic ice sheet. Extensive glacial erosion has clearly altered the landscape over the past 34 Myr. Yet, the total erosion still remains to be properly constrained. Here, we investigate the power of low-temperature thermochronology in quantifying glacial erosion in-situ. Our data document the differential erosion along the DML escarpment, with up to c. 1.5 and 2.4 km of erosion in western and central DML, respectively. Substantial erosion at the escarpment foothills, and limited erosion at high elevations and close to drainage divides, is consistent with an escarpment retreat model. Such differential erosion suggests major alterations of the landscape during 34 Myr of glaciation and should be implemented in future ice sheet models.
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The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is generally assumed to have been relatively insensitive to Quaternary climate change. However, recent studies have shown potential instabilities in coastal, marine sectors of the EAIS. In addition, long-term climate reconstructions and modelling experiments indicate the potential for significant changes in ice volume and ice sheet configuration since the Pliocene. Hence, more empirical evidence for ice surface and ice volume changes is required to discriminate between contrasting inferences. MAGIC-DML is an ongoing Swedish-US-Norwegian-German-UK collaboration focused on improving ice sheet models by filling critical data gaps that exist in our knowledge of the timing and pattern of ice surface changes along the western Dronning Maud Land (DML) margin and combining this with advances in numerical techniques. Here, we report cosmogenic multi-nuclide data from bedrock and erratics at 72 sample locations on nunatak ranges from Heimefrontfjella to along Penck-Jutulstraumen ice stream throughs in western Dronning Maud Land. The sample locations span elevations between 741-2437 m above sea level, and record apparent exposure ages between <2 ka and >5 Ma. The highest bedrock samples, from high on the inland nunatak ranges, indicate continuous exposure since >5 Ma, with a very low erosion rate of 15±3 cm Ma-1. These results indicate that the ice sheet has not extensively buried and eroded these mountain ranges since at least the Pliocene Moreover, and in contrast to current studies in eastern Dronning Maud Land, we record clear indications of a thicker-than-present ice sheet along the Penck-Jutulstraumen throughs within the last glacial cycle, with a thinning of ~35-120 m towards the present ice surface on several nunataks during the Holocene (~2-11 ka). These results thus indicate ice-surface fluctuations of several hundred meters between the current grounding line and the edge of the polar plateau for the last glacial cycle.
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The bedrock of Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, central Dronning Maud Land in eastern Antarctica, is part of the high-grade Maud Belt and comprises a deep-seated metamorphic-plutonic complex. The P-T-t evolution of anatectic supracrustal gneisses has been recovered through a study of mineral assemblages, textural relationships and U-Pb ID TIMS geochronology on zircon and monazite followed by pseudosection modelling. Peak conditions reached granulite facies conditions (T ≥ 810–820 °C) at moderate crustal depths (P = ca. 8 kbar) and resulted in partial melting. Peak-pressure conditions were followed by isothermal decompression at elevated temperatures. After exhumation to crustal levels of about 4–5 kbar, the area underwent a final near-isobaric cooling, which is documented by a secondary growth of garnet. Zircons indicate a period of growth at 570–566 Ma, whereas monazite ages range from 610 to 525 Ma. A likely heat source for the granulite facies metamorphism is decay of radioactive heat-producing elements in the core of the orogen. The combined geochronology and metamorphic data indicate a prolonged, clockwise P-T path, which reflects collision and formation of a long-lived orogenic plateau.
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Late Tonian (ca. 785–760 Ma) granodioritic to granitic orthogneisses of the Schirmacher Oasis region in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, are interpreted as recording an active continental margin setting at the periphery of Kalahari and Rodinia. The rocks probably represent exposures of a significant tectonic province hidden beneath the ice, the erosional remnants of which are recorded as detrital zircons in late Tonian-Cryogenian metasedimentary rocks throughout central and eastern DML, as well as in ice-rafted debris from recent sediments offshore Dronning Maud Land. The orthogneisses have single-stage Sm-Nd model ages of ca. 1.3–1.5 Ga and zircon Hf-signatures (εHft = +2 – +5), indistinguishable from the adjacent Grenville-age basement rocks of easternmost Kalahari. Their geochemistry suggests that they evolved in the late stages of a continental margin magmatic arc and possibly within a roll-back tectonic framework, suggestive of subduction of relatively old oceanic lithosphere. The eastern Kalahari continental arc is one of a number of continental arcs that characterize the western part of the fragmenting Rodinia and document the supercontinent “turning inside out” after its formation at ca. 1000 Ma and a period of relative tectonic quiescence between ca. 900 and 800 Ma. The rocks show an ultra-high temperature metamorphic overprint that was accompanied by syn-tectonic magmatism from ca. 650 to 600 Ma. The high temperature metamorphism is interpreted to relate to back-arc extension that also led to major anorthosite magmatism elsewhere, prior to continental collision in the region. The rocks lack the subsequent widespread high-grade metamorphic overprint at ca. 590–500 Ma which occurs in the adjacent regions due to Himalayan-style continental collision along the East African-Antarctic Orogen during Gondwana assembly.
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A new species of nephropid lobster, Hoploparia echinata sp. nov., from the James Ross Island in the Antarctic Peninsula is here described and illustrated. The material was collected in the Santa Marta Formation (Santonian–-Campanian), the basal unit of the Marambio Group, Larsen Basin, located in the western portion of the Antarctic Peninsula. Hoploparia echinata sp. nov. can easily be differentiated from its congeners by the presence of distinct short spines on dorsal and ventral margins on the third maxillipeds, merus of the chelipeds and pereopods; these are the characters not described in other Hoploparia species so far.
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Microcontinents and continental fragments are small pieces of continental crust that are surrounded by oceanic lithosphere. Although classically associated with passive margin formation, here we present several preserved microcontinents and continental fragments associated with subduction systems. They are located in the Coral Sea, South China Sea, central Mediterranean and Scotia Sea regions, and a “proto-microcontinent,” in the Gulf of California. Reviewing the tectonic history of each region and interpreting a variety of geophysical data allows us to identify parameters controlling the formation of microcontinents and continental fragments in subduction settings. All these tectonic blocks experienced long, complex tectonic histories with an important role for developing inherited structures. They tend to form in back-arc locations and separate from their parent continent by oblique or rotational kinematics. The separated continental pieces and associated marginal basins are generally small and their formation is quick (<50 Myr). Microcontinents and continental fragments formed close to large continental masses tend to form faster than those created in systems bordered by large oceanic plates. A common triggering mechanism for their formation is difficult to identify, but seems to be linked with rapid changes of complex subduction dynamics. The young ages of all contemporary pieces found in situ suggest that microcontinents and continental fragments in these settings are short lived. Although presently the amount of in-situ subduction-related microcontinents is meager (an area of 0.56% and 0.28% of global, non-cratonic, continental crustal area and crustal volume, respectively), through time microcontinents contributed to terrane amalgamation and larger continent formation.
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Dronning Maud Land (DML) is a key area for the better understanding of the geotectonic history and amalgamation processes of the southern part of Gondwana. Here, we present comprehensive new zircon U–Pb–Hf–O, whole-rock Sm–Nd isotopic and geochemical data for late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian igneous rocks along a profile from central to eastern DML, which provides new insights into the crustal evolution and tectonics of the region. In central DML, magmatism dominantly occurred at 530–485 Ma, with 650–600 Ma charnockite and anorthosite locally distributed at its eastern periphery. In contrast, eastern DML experienced long-term and continuous granitic magmatism from ca. 650 Ma to 500 Ma. In central DML, the 650–600 Ma samples are characterized by highly elevated δ18O (7.5–9.5‰) associated with slightly negative to positive εHf(t) values (−1 to +3), indicating significant addition of high-δ18O crustal components, such as sedimentary material at the margin of the Kalahari Craton. Evolved Hf isotopic signatures (εHf(t) = −15 to −6) and moderately elevated O isotopic data (δ18O = 6–8‰) of the Cambrian granitic rocks from central DML indicate a significant incorporation of the pre-existing, old continental crust. In eastern DML, the suprachondritic Hf–Nd isotope signatures and moderate δ18O values of the late Neoproterozoic granites (650–550 Ma) from the Sør Rondane Mountains support the view that they mainly originated from crust of the Tonian Oceanic Arc Super Terrane (TOAST). The post-540 Ma granites, however, have more evolved Hf and Nd isotopic compositions, suggesting an increasing involvement of older continental components during Cambrian magmatism. Nd isotopes of the Cambrian granitic rocks in DML display an increasingly more radiogenic composition towards the east with model ages ranging from late Archean to Mesoproterozoic times, which is in line with the isotopic trend of the Precambrian basement in this region. The late Neoproterozoic (>600 Ma) igneous rocks in central and eastern DML were emplaced in two independent subduction systems, at the periphery of the eastern Kalahari Craton and somewhere within the Mozambique Ocean respectively. The accretion and assembly of the TOAST to the eastern margin of the Kalahari Craton and their collision with surrounding continental blocks was followed by extensive post-collisional magmatism due to delamination tectonics and orogenic collapse in the Cambrian. The late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian igneous rocks in DML thus record an orogenic cycle from subduction-accretion, continental collision to post-collisional process during and after the assembly of Gondwana.
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This study focusses on the Grenville-age Maud Belt in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, which was located at the margin of the Proto-Kalahari Craton during the assembly of Rodinia. We present new U–Pb zircon ages and Hf–O isotope analyses of mafic and granitic gneisses exposed in the Orvin-Wohlthat Mountains and Gjelsvikfjella, central DML (cDML). The geochronological data indicate continuous magmatic activity from 1160 to 1070 Ma which culminated at 1110–1090 Ma, followed by high-grade metamorphism between 1080 and 1030 Ma. The majority of zircons from the Orvin-Wohlthat Mountains exhibit radiogenic Hf isotopic compositions corresponding to suprachondritic εHf (t) values and Mesoproterozoic model ages, indicating crystallization from predominantly juvenile magmas. However, the involvement of ancient sedimentary material, which were most likely derived from the adjacent Proto-Kalahari Craton, is revealed by a few samples with negative to neutral εHf (t) and significantly elevated δ18O values (8–10‰). Samples from further west, in Gjelsvikfjella have more mantle-like zircon O isotopic compositions and late Paleoproterozoic Hf model ages, indicating the incorporation of ancient, previously mantle-derived continental crust. The rocks in cDML, thus define part of an extensive Mesoproterozoic magmatic arc with subduction under the Proto-Kalahari margin. This involved significant growth of new continental crust, possibly related to slab retreat, accompanied by subordinate recycling of older crustal components. The Maud Belt has previously been correlated with the 1250–1030 Ma Natal Belt in southern Africa, which lay to the west in the context of Gondwana, although this assertion has recently been questioned. Our study supports the latter view in demonstrating that the continental arc magmatism in the Maud Belt appears to be temporally and tectonically unconnected to the accretion of (slightly older) juvenile oceanic islands in the Natal Belt, which, in contrast to the Maud Belt, show subduction polarity away from the craton. We thus speculate that the Namaqua-Natal to Maud Belt contact (exposed in the Heimefront Shear Zone) may represent a changed tectonic environment from arc/continent-continent collision to slightly younger continental margin orogenesis at the westernmost termination of this part of the global Grenville Orogen. The Maud Belt marks the beginning of a major, long-lived accretionary Andean-type tectonic regime on the eastern margin of Proto-Kalahari in the Meso-Neoproterozoic during Rodinia assembly and break-up until the formation of Gondwana.
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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) measurements have been limited along the Antarctic coast, although groundwater discharge is becoming recognized as an important process in the Antarctic. Quantifying this meltwater pathway is important for hydrologic budgets, ice mass balances and solute delivery to the coastal ocean. Here, we estimate the combined discharge of subglacial and submarine groundwater to the Antarctic coastal ocean. SGD, including subglacial and submarine groundwater, is quantified along the WAP at the Marr Glacier terminus using the activities of naturally occurring radium isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra). Estimated SGD fluxes from a 224Ra mass balance ranged from (0.41 ± 0.14)×104 and (8.2 ± 2.3)×104m3 d−1. Using a salinity mass balance, we estimate SGD contributes up to 32% of the total freshwater to the coastal environment near Palmer Station. This study suggests that a large portion of the melting glacier may be infiltrating into the bedrock and being discharged to coastal waters along the WAP. Meltwater infiltrating as groundwater at glacier termini is an important solute delivery mechanism to the nearshore environment that can influence biological productivity. More importantly, quantifying this meltwater pathway may be worthy of attention when predicting future impacts of climate change on retreat of tidewater glaciers.
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