Antarktis-bibliografi er en database over den norske Antarktis-litteraturen.
Hensikten med bibliografien er å synliggjøre norsk antarktisforskning og annen virksomhet/historie i det ekstreme sør. Bibliografien er ikke komplett, spesielt ikke for nyere forskning, men den blir oppdatert.
Norsk er her definert som minst én norsk forfatter, publikasjonssted Norge eller publikasjon som har utspring i norsk forskningsprosjekt.
Antarktis er her definert som alt sør for 60 grader. I tillegg har vi tatt med Bouvetøya.
Det er ingen avgrensing på språk (men det meste av innholdet er på norsk eller engelsk). Eldre norske antarktispublikasjoner (den eldste er fra 1894) er dominert av kvalfangst og ekspedisjoner. I nyere tid er det den internasjonale polarforskninga som dominerer. Bibliografien er tverrfaglig; den dekker både naturvitenskapene, politikk, historie osv. Skjønnlitteratur er også inkludert, men ikke avisartikler eller upublisert materiale.
Til høyre finner du en «HELP-knapp» for informasjon om søkemulighetene i databasen. Mange referanser har lett synlige lenker til fulltekstversjon av det aktuelle dokumentet. For de fleste tidsskriftartiklene er det også lagt inn sammendrag.
Bibliografien er produsert ved Norsk Polarinstitutts bibliotek.
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Results 3 resources
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Marine soft sediments comprise one of the largest and oldest habitats in the world, yet remarkably little is known about patterns of species richness. Here I present a short review of patterns of species richness and possible factors that influence such patterns. Species richness in general is remarkably high in both shallow coastal areas and the deep sea. However, there are clear differences the deep-sea has higher number of species for a given number of individuals than the coast. This can be explained by the larger amounts of primary production that reach coastal compared with deep-sea sediments, leading to higher numbers of individuals per unit area. Species density (the number of species per unit area) is also higher in the deep-sea than in coastal areas, but it is not obvious why this is so. Most studies of the broad patterns of species richness have used samples taken at small scales only. The problem with such analyses is that unless a large number of samples are taken, the true underlying pattern (or lack of it) may be wrongly interpreted. Recent studies have analysed species richness at larger scales. In general there seems to be a cline of increasing species richness from the Arctic to the tropics, but this is not the case in the southern hemisphere, where Antarctic species richness is high. However, it is not known whether high species richness in the Antarctic occurs at all spatial scales. To what extent these patterns are determined by evolutionary factors remains to be determined by the application of molecular methods. The available evidence suggests that environmental factors such as productivity, temperature, and sediment grain-size diversity play dominant roles in determining patterns of regional-scale species richness and patterns in species turnover, and it is probably the regional scale that primarily determines local species richness. KEYWORDS: Diversity · Deep sea · Coasts · Patterns · Scales
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In the 1950s and 1960s, the first data sets were assembled to examine whether or not there was a latitudinal gradient of species richness in the sea. These data comprised very few species and were from very small areas. However, recent data from large species lists covering broad geographical ranges suggest strongly that there is a gradient of increasing species richness from the Arctic to the tropics. However, the Southern Ocean has high species richness and in the southern hemisphere there is no clear evidence of a cline of increasing richness from pole to tropic. The great richness of the Southern Ocean compared with the Arctic is probably due to its great age, the fact that it covers a much larger area and that it has higher structural heterogeneity formed by living organisms. The importance of area as a determinant of species richness needs to be studied in more detail since most studies have been confined to small areas. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the species:area relationship and these are discussed. An alternative explanation for the latitudinal cline in the northern hemisphere is the energy-input hypothesis, but again this has not been adequately tested. Two studies on the relationship between local and regional species richness show a significant positive correlation. These findings suggest that local assemblages are not tightly organised and saturated with species but are open to recruitment from the regional species pool. Whether or not such a relationship holds in Antarctica is unknown. It is concluded that further studies of the Southern Ocean are likely to provide new findings fundamental to the "new" discipline of macroecology, which examines patterns and processes at the geographic scale.
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Topic
- bentiske organismer (1)
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- biodiversitet (2)
- Bouvetøya (1)
- ekspedisjoner (1)
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- marin biologi (2)
- økologi (1)
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- polarområdene (1)
- seler (1)
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- zoologi (1)
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