Investigating Climate Change by Digital Analysis of Blue Ice Extent on Satellite Images of Antarctica - Orheim, Olav; Lucchitta, Baerbel (Annals of Glaciology, 1990)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; glasiologi; klimaendringer; satellitt; telemetri

lnvestigating climate change by digital analysis of satellite imagery of blue ice extent in Antarctica - Orheim, Olav; Luchitta, Baerbel (Annals of Glaciology, 1990)
Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT data collected two years apart from an identical area of Dronning (Queen) Maud Land, Antarctica, have been analyzed to detect variations in surface features that may signal climatic change, and to establish a technique that readily identifies such changes. We found that selective principal component analysis (Chavez and Kwarteng 1989), on band ratios of near-IR/green, highlights changes in blue ice areas. The formation and preservation of blue ice is poorly understood, but we suggest that it generally takes longer to increase a blue ice area than to decrease it, and that blue ice extent is most sensitive to changes in accumulation rate. The investigated blue ice area shows a decrease in extent over the two-year period caused by incursion of snow that probably resulted from an increase in accumulation rate. Comparison of two TM images collected 18 days apart shows that transitory snow drifts have little effect on blue ice extent.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; glasiologi; klima

The implementation of CCAMLR: is the decision-making machinery conductive to good management? - Orrego Vicuña, Francisco (International Challenges, 1990)
Keywords: Sørishavet; forvaltning; miljøvern; politikk

Aspects of reproductive behaviour in a population of South Polar skua Catharacta maccormicki in Dronning Maud Land - Pedersen, Hans Christian (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; reproduksjon; zoologi

Petrology of Peter I Øy (Peter I Island), West Antarctica - Prestvik, Tore; Barnes, Calvin G; Sundvoll, Bjørn; Duncan, Robert A (Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 1990)
Peter I Øy is located in the Bellinghausen Sea, 400 km NE of Thurston Island, West Antarctica. It is a Pleistocene volcanic island situated adjacent to a former tranform fault on the continental rise of the presently passive margin between the Pacific and Antarctica. New K-Ar age determinations ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 Ma show that the volcanism responsible for this island took place at the same time as post-subduction, rift-related volcanism occurred in the nearby Marie Byrd Land and the Antarctic Peninsula. The rocks of the island are alkalic basalt and hawaiite, benmoreite and trachyte. The basic tocks typically contain phenocrysts of olivine (Fo61–84), diopsidic augite, and plagioclase (ca. An60). Small xenoliths are present and consist of mantle-type spinel lherzolite, cumulate clinopyroxenite and gabbro and felsic inclusions that consist of medium-grained strained quartz, plagioclase, and abundant colorless glass. Chemically, the basic rocks are characterized by rather high MgO (7.8–10.2 wt.%) and TiO2 (3.1–3.7 wt.%) and relatively low CaO (8.4–9.5 wt.%) contents. They have steep REE patterns, [(La/Yb)N = 20] with HREE only 5 x chrondrite. Y and Sc are almost constant at relatively low levels. Compatible trace elements such as Ni and Cr show considerable variation (190–300 and 150–470 ppm, respectively.), whereas V shows only little variation. Sr and Nd isotope ratios vary slightly with 87Sr/86Sr averaging 0.70388 and 143Nd/144Nd 0.512782, both typical for ocean island volcanism. Lead isotope ratios are consistently high in basalts; 206Pb/204Pb = 19.194, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.728 and 208Pb/204Pb = 39.290, whereas benmoreïte is somewhat less radiogenic. Oxygen isotope analyses average ‰ . Incompatible trace elements vary by a factor of 1.5–2.0 within the range of the basic rocks. It is proposed that the incompatible trace-element variations represent different degrees (<10%) of partial melting, and that these melts were later modified by minor ( ‰ ) olivine and spinel fractionation. The very small variation in Y (and Sc) and the very fractionated REE pattern indicate that the source had an Y- and HREE-rich residual phase, most probably garnet. Furthermore, it is suggested that the source was slightly hydrous and that melting took place at 18–20 kbar. Trachyte was derived by multiphase fractionation of ne-normative basalts, and benmoreite from hy-normative parental liquids. The rocks of Peter I Øy are generally of the same type and age as those outcropping in extensional regimes on the nearby continent, and therefore, these occurrences may be related to each other in some way. However, the Peter I Øy rocks are considerably more radiogenic in strontium and less radiogenic in neodymium than the rocks of the Antarctic Peninsula and Marie Byrd Land. Possible explanations are that Peter I Øy represent asthenospheric hot spot activity, or transtensional rifting as subduction ceased.
Keywords: Peter I. Øy; geologi; petrologi

SCAR in the ATS: conflict or harmony? - Rinaldi, Carlos (International Challenges, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; forskning; forvaltning; politikk

Ingeniør Sæbjørnsens bukspretter - Ringstad, Jan Erik (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1990)
Publisher: Museene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Nordmenn; Sørishavet; hvalfangst; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; patenter; pelagisk; utstyr

Næringer i hvalfangstens grenseland - Ringstad, Jan Erik (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1990)
Publisher: Museene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Christen Christensen; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangst; hvalkokerier; hvalolje; næring; patenter; pelagisk; økonomi

Studies of breeding biology of Antarctic petrel and snow petrel in Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land - Røv, Nils (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

The relationship between the ATS and the LOS convention of 1982 - Safronchuk, Vasiliy S (International Challenges, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; Sørishavet; havrett; jus; politikk

Oxygen 18 and helium as tracers of ice shelf water and water/ice interaction in the Weddell Sea - Schlosser, Peter; Bayer, Reinhold; Foldvik, Arne; Gammelsrød, Tor; Rohardt, Gerd; Münnich, Karl Otto (Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1990)
Oxygen 18 and helium isotope data from stations located in the Filchner Depression, on the continental slope of the southern Weddell Sea, and in the central Weddell Sea are presented and discussed. The 18O and 4He signals imprinted on the water circulating under the Filchner/Ronne Ice Shelf (Ice Shelf Water, or ISW) due to melting of glacial ice at the base of the ice shelf are traced across the sill separating the Filchner Depression from the Weddell Sea. Low δ18O values are correlated with high 4He concentrations in the ISW found in the Filchner Depression (minimum δ18O values: −0.8‰; maximum 4He concentrations: about 4.7×10−8 cm3 STP g−1). The fraction of glacial meltwater contained in the ISW found in the Filchner Depression is estimated to about 6 to 7‰. The 18O and helium isotope data from the overflowing shelf water component observed on the continental slope confirm the hypothesis that ISW contributes significantly to the Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW). On the basis of a inultiparameter water mass analysis it is discussed which fraction of the WSBW originates from ISW and which other shelf waters potentially could contribute to WSBW.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; brehylle; geofysikk; hydrografi; isbrem; isshelf; oseanografi; smeltevann; vannmasser

Zwischen Kooperation und Konfrontation. Deutschland, Norwegen und die Walfangfrage in den 1930er Jahren - Scholl, Lars Ulrich (Sjøfartshistorisk årbok : Norwegian yearbook of maritime history, 1990)
Publisher: Stiftelsen Bergens sjøfartsmuseum Place: Bergen
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; Tyskland; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangstindustri; hvalolje; pelagisk; samarbeid

Resource management and the changing profile of science in Antarctica: a growing pressure for relevance? - Scully, Richard Tucker (International Challenges, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; forskning; forvaltning

Marine geological studies in the Weddel sea - Sjøholm, Jorunn; Jansen, Eystein (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: NARE 1989/90; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; ekspedisjoner; forskning; marin geologi

The relevance of the ATS as a model for international cooperation - Stokke, Olav Schram (International Challenges, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; jus; politikk

Ecophysiological adaptations in mites and collembolans in Dronning Maud Land - Strømme, Alexander (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; midder; miter; virvelløse dyr; zoologi; økofysiologi

Bibliographia Phytosociologica. Norwegian possessions in the polar regions - Sunding, Per (Excerpta botanica, Sectio B, 1990)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; Dronning Maud Land; Peter I. Øy; bibliografi; botanikk; polarområdene

Studies on the factors determining variation in the reproductive success of the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica in Svarthamaren, Mühlig-Hofmannfjella - Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Andersen, Reidar; Pedersen, Hans Christian (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; reproduksjon; zoologi

Frimerkespalten - Tandberg, Arne Ingar (Skipet, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; Bouvetøya; ekspedisjoner; filateli; historie; logistikk; skip

An Antarctic crossing as an analogue for long-term manned spaceflight - Ursin, Holger; Collet, Jérôme; Etienne, Jean L. (ESA Bulletin, 1990)
The long-duration space missions planned for the end of this century will involve both physiological and psychological problems for the crew who will fly them. If Europe is to achieve autonomy in space, it must increase its expertise in these associated disciplines. One means of acquiring relevant experience is to study human behaviour in environments that are similar from a psychological viewpoint. A planned crossing of the Antarctic by a six-man international team therefore offered ESA a unique opportunity to observe the psychological problems that can occur during an international expedition involving prolonged isolation in a hostile environment.
Keywords: Antarktis; fysiologi; psykologi

På hvalfangst med blyant og farvestifter - Wexelsen, Einar (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1990)
Publisher: Museene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Nordmenn; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangst; kunst; pelagisk

Pierce's kastebørse - et "Reodor Felgen" -patent med lang levetid - Wexelsen, Einar (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1990)
Publisher: Museene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangst; hvalolje; patenter; pelagisk; utstyr

Glaciological and meteorological measurements in Dronning Maud Land - Winther, Jan-Gunnar (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; glasiologi; meteorologi

The unfinished task: CRAMRA and the question of liability - Wolfrum, Rüdiger (International Challenges, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; jus; mineraler

Cold resistance and metabolic responses to salinity variations in the amphipod Eusirus antarcticus and the krill Euphausia superba - Aarset, Arne V.; Torres, Joseph J. (Polar Biology, 1989)
The krill Euphausia superba, unlike the amphipod, Eusirus antarcticus, tolerates being frozen into solid sea-ice at temperatures down to about-4°C. Cooled in air, the amphipod and the krill freeze and will die at temperatures of-11° and-9°C respectively, representing the supercooling points of the animals. The krill is an osmoconformer in the salinity range of 25 to 45 ppt, while the amphipod conforms in the salinity range of 26 to 40 ppt. The animals thereby lower the melting point of their body fluids in the vicinity of the freezing sea ice, preventing internal ice formation at low temperatures. The mean oxygen consumption rates, at raised and lowered salinities, were not significantly different from rates obtained in normal (35 ppt.) seawater, indicating that salinity has little effect on the metabolism of either species.
Keywords: Sørishavet; krepsdyr; krill; kuldetoleranse; marin biologi; plankton

Fractal Texture Signature estimated by Multiscale LIT-SNN and MAX-MIN Operators on LANDSAT-5 MSS Images of the Antarctic - Albregtsen, Fritz (Proceedings of the 6th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis: Oulu, June 19-22, 1989, 1989)
Keywords: Antarktis; kartlegging; kartografi; satellite bilder

Satellittkartlegging ved Norsk Polarinstitutt - Amlien, Jostein (Kart og plan, 1989)
Publisher: Fagbokforl.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; fotogrammetri; kartlegging; kartografi; satellite bilder

Kulturminnevern i Antarktis: noe for ICOMOS? - Barr, Susan (Icomos nytt, 1989)
Keywords: Antarktis; Peter I. Øy; historie; kulturminneforvaltning

Late Quaternary ice-surface fluctuations of Beardmore Glacier, Transantarctic Mountains - Denton, George H; Bockheim, James G; Wilson, Scott C; Leide, James E; Andersen, Björn G (Quaternary Research, 1989)
Former longitudinal profiles of Beardmore Glacier, an outlet through the Transantarctic Mountains, constrain polar plateau elevations near the center of Antarctica and ice-shelf grouding in the southern Ross Embayment. Three gravel drift sheets of late Quaternary age occur alongside Beardmore Glacier. Plunket drift, the youngest, is parallel to and 7–30 m above the present ice surface. The upper limit of Beardmore drift, intermediate in age, is within 35–40 m of the present ice surface near the polar plateau but about 1100 m above the present ice surface near the glacier mouth. The upper limit of Meyer drift, the oldest, is parallel to and 30–50 m above Beardmore drift. From correlation with numerically dated drifts farther north, we assign an early Holocene age to Plunket drift, a late Wisconsin age to Beardmore drift, and an age of marine isotope Stage 6 to Meyer drift. By our age model, Beardmore Glacier was close to current elevations in its upper reaches and thickened considerably in its middle and lower reaches during the last two global glaciations represented by Beardmore and Meyer drifts. Most likely, grounded ice in the southern Ross Embayment caused such thickening of Beardmore Glacier almost to the polar plateau. A concomitant decline in precipitation is implied by ice-cap retreat on the nearby Dominion Range and is consistent with little change of upper Beardmore Glacier. Ice-shelf grounding most likely resulted from lowered sea level and/or basal melting. Lower than present precipitation was probably caused by colder air temperatures and more-distant open water. The Plunket profile records Holocene ice-surface lowering from increased surface ablation, decreased ice flow, or grounding-line recession.
Keywords: Antarktis; geologi

Genetic homogeneity of krill (Euphausia superba Dana) in the Southern Ocean - Fevolden, Svein Erik; Schneppenheim, Reinhard (Polar Biology, 1989)
Development of a comprehensive picture of the genetic population structure of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) has been hampered by a lack of genetic data from two major areas of the species' distribution, the Bellingshausen Sea and the Ross Sea. Evidence from earlier studies of a discrete “Bellingshausen Sea” population was based on anomalous allele frequencies in two sample sets that were collected near the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula rather than in the Bellingshausen Sea proper. In this paper we describe the first biochemical genetic data obtained on krill from the central Bellingshausen Sea and from the Ross Sea. Analyses of eight polymorphic loci in samples from these two areas have failed to provide any evidence of population structuring within the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, and have indicated that Pacific sector krill cannot be genetically discriminated from Atlantic sector krill or Indian Ocean sector krill. These findings further support the hypothesis of a single circumpolar breeding population of Antarctic krill.
Keywords: Rosshavet; Sørishavet; biokjemi; genetikk; krill; marin biologi; plankton

Miljøspørsmål i fokus: forskningsskipet "Andenes" på vei mot Antarktis - Friberg, Fred (Svalbardposten, 1989)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; ekspedisjoner

Place-names of Heimefrontfjella and Lingetoppane, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Gjelsvik, Tore (1989)
Publication Title: Norsk Polarinstitutt. Rapportserie
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; stedsnavn

Excess and deficit of sulfate in polar snow - Gjessing, Yngvar (Atmospheric Environment (1967), 1989)
Keywords: Antarktis; analyser; kjemisk; meteorologi; sjøvann; snø

Microclimates and water budget of algae, lichens and a moss on some nunataks in Queen Maud Land - Gjessing, Yngvar; Øvstedal, Dag Olav (International Journal of Biometeorology, 1989)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; alger; biologi; lav; mikroklima; moser; planter

Phytoplankton blooms in the vicinity of palmer station, Antarctica - Holm-Hansen, Osmund; Mitchell, Brian Gregory; Hewes, Christopher D; Karl, David Michael (Polar Biology, 1989)
Fifteen oceanographic stations were occupied in the vicinity of Anvers Island, Antarctica, in January of 1985 and 1987. All stations showed high phytoplankton biomass (4.0 to 30 μg chl-a/liter) which was either uniformly distributed in the upper mixed layer or showed a pronounced sub-surface maximum at 4–5 m depth. As phosphate was less than 0.02 μm and nitrate about 2.0 μm in surface waters, it appears that nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth may be of importance during such blooms. This view is supported by chemical measurements of the particulate material which showed high chl-a/ATP ratios (about 7.7), as well as high POC/ATP ratios (about 700). Microscopical analysis revealed a dominance of large-celled diatoms and the near absence of heterotrophic protozoans. Size fractionation studies showed that the nanoplankton accounted for only 28% of the total phytoplankton biomass. When phytoplankton biomass reaches the levels found at these stations, it appears that the cells are light-limited and hence dark-adapted, which results in the high chl-a/ATP ratios and the low assimilation values (0.49–1.64) obtained in our studies. Under such conditions greater than 50% of the total phytoplankton biomass is found below the 1% light level.
Keywords: Sørishavet; biomasse; fytoplankton; oseanografi

Forholdet mellom vitenskap og politikk i internasjonal ressursforvaltning: det internasjonale samarbeid om forvaltning av de levende marine ressurser i Antarktis - Indreeide, Thor Vidar (Fridtjof Nansens institutt, 1989)
Publication Title: Fridtjof Nansens institutt. Studie R
Keywords: Antarktis; Sørishavet; forskning; forvaltning; politikk; ressurser

The relationship between science and politics in international management of marine living resources: the case of CCAMLR - Indreeide, Thor Vidar (International Challenges, 1989)
Keywords: Antarktis; Sørishavet; forvaltning; jus; politikk

Iceberg scouring and sea bed morphology on the eastern Weddell Sea shelf, Antarctica - Lien, Reidar; Solheim, Anders; Elverhøi, Anders; Rokoengen, Kare (Polar Research, 1989)
Keywords: Antarktis; glasiologi; havbunnen; isberg; isshelf; kontinentalsokkel; morfologi; seismologi

Anomalous palaeomagnetic directions in a Mesozoic basaltic dyke; arguments for fault-induced remagnetization - Løvlie, Reidar; Mitchell, John (Physics of the earth and planetary interiors, 1989)
Anomalously steep palaeomagnetic directions from the central part of an ∼ 5 m wide basaltic dyke from Fossilryggen, East Antarctica, suggest a Recent to late Tertiary age for its remanent magnetization, in conflict with KAr isotope ages of 162 ± 4 and 217 ± 3 Ma obtained from the central and slickenside margins respectively. Three neighbouring basaltic intrusions carry stable magnetizations whose directions (mean D, 23°; mean I, −40° and pole position, 38°N, 40°E) accord with previously obtained Mesozoic results from lava flows in the Vestfjella basalt province, East Antarctica. Rock magnetic properties do not discriminate between the different dykes, and it is proposed that the anomalous directions represent spot-readings of the geomagnetic field which arise from complete remagnetization during a period of faulting in Recent to late Tertiary times.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; ekspedisjoner; geofysikk; geologi

Former extension of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet - Lundqvist, Jan (Polar Research, 1989)
Keywords: Antarktis; geologi; glasiologi; innlandsis

En hvalfangstsesong med mange forlis. Den første "Kosmos" - Møller, Vilhelm (Kjære gamle Sandefjord, 1989)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Vestfold; erindringer; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri

Storrederiet Nortraship : handelsflåten i krig - Mossige, Erling (Grøndahl, 1989)
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; pelagisk; rederier; skipsfart

Hjelpekrysser kaprer norske hvalfangere - Nilsen, Tore L.; Thowsen, Atle (Sjøfartshistorisk årbok : Norwegian yearbook of maritime history, 1989)
Publisher: Stiftelsen Bergens sjøfartsmuseum Place: Bergen
Keywords: Sørishavet; andre verdenskrig; historie; hvalbåter; hvalfangstflåten; pelagisk

A hundred years of Norwegian exploration of the polar regions - Orheim, Olav (Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, 1989)
Publisher: Routledge
Keywords: Antarktis; Norge; ekspedisjoner; oppdagelsesreiser; polarområdene

Hva skjer med klimaet i polarområdene? : sammendrag av foredrag på symposium 25-26 april 1989 - Orheim, Olav (ed.); Brekke, Annemor (ed.) (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1989)
Publication Title: Norsk Polarinstitutt. Rapportserie
Keywords: Antarktis; global oppvarming; klimaendringer; polarområdene; symposium

Establishment of Troll, a new station facility for summer operations: initial environmental evaluation - Polarinstitutt, Norsk (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1989)
Publication Title: Norsk Polarinstitutt. Rapportserie
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; Norge; forskningsstasjoner; miljøspørsmål; polarforskning

Life at the Ice Edge - Sakshaug, Egil; Skjoldal, Hein Rune (Ambio, 1989)
Publisher: [Springer, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]
Keywords: Sørishavet; alger; forurensning; fytoplankton; krill; miljø; planteplankton; zooplankton

Det siste kontinent. Roald Amundsen går ombord. Lengst mot sør - Sannes, Tor Borch (Fram, 1989)
Keywords: Antarktis; Colin Archer; Fram (skip); Roald Amundsen; Sydpolsekspedisjonen; Sørpolen; båter; oppdagelsesreiser; polarekspedisjoner

Pingvinfamilien - Sømme, Lauritz; Kalas, Sybille (Cappelen, 1989)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; fugler; pingviner

Heimfrontfjella Nord: Maudheimvidda (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1988)
Pages: Blad/Sheet D8 Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; flyfoto; geografi; kartlegging; luftfoto

Heimfrontfjella Sør: Maudheimvidda (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1988)
Pages: Blad/Sheet D9 Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; flyfoto; geografi; kartlegging; luftfoto

Namnemanus Peter I Øy (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1988)
Pages: Vedtak sak 125, 21.1.1988. Namnekomiteen
Keywords: Peter I. Øy; geografi; kartlegging

Tekstur-estimering på LANDSAT-5 MSS opptak fra Antarktis - Albregtsen, Fritz (Proceedings fra NOBIM-konferansen 1988: Nordisk konferanse om bildebehandling og mønstergjenkjenning, Oslo, 2-3 juni 1988, 1988)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; informatikk; is; satellite bilder; snø

En fremtid i Antarktis? - Andersen, Rolf Trolle (Dialog Norge-Sverige: konferanser i Norges ambassade, Stockholm. 2: polarområdene, hvite felt i politikk og vitenska, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; forvaltning; mineraler; politikk

Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica - Barnes, Peter W.; Lien, Reidar (Geology, 1988)
Icebergs and sea ice rework the sediments of high-latitude shelves, producing modern diamicts (ice-keel turbates) unrelated to glacial proximity. Off Antarctica, sidescan sonar data indicate the presence of ice-gouge features formed by the physical interaction between ice keels and the sea bed. These are recognized as incisions a few metres deep and tens of metres wide, in water depths up to 500 m. On the submarine bank tops and slopes off Wilkes Land and in the Weddell Sea, subcircular depressions 30 to 150 m in diameter, a washboard pattern, and hummocky bed features also represent iceberg-resting sites. The freshness of sea-bed morphology, nearby Holocene sediment ponding, and active hydraulic sedimentary processes indicate that the sea floor is being reworked by iceberg keels. Tabular iceberg drafts in excess of 330 m have been measured, and modeling studies suggest that nontabular iceberg drafts of 500 m are possible. We conclude that a modern ice-keel turbate deposit in the form of a poorly stratified diamicton is probably widespread on that part (54%) of the Antarctic shelf less than 500 m deep.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; geofysikk; geologi; isberg; issfjell; oseanografi

Development of chicks during extreme cold conditions: the Antarctic Petrel (Thalassoica antarctica) - Bech, Claus; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Haftorn, Svein (University of Ottawa Press, 1988)
Pages: 1447-1456 Publication Title: Acta XIX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici Volume: 2 Place: Ottawa, Canada
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; fugler; konferanse; kongress; ornitologi; zoologi

Muscicolous Lepraria species and other leprarioid lichens in the Antarctic - Botnen, Astri; Øvstedal, Dag Olav (Polar Research, 1988)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; botanikk; forskning; lav; planter

I fotsporene til Robert Falcon Scott - Danning, Petter (Været: populærvitenskapelig tidsskrift, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; ekspedisjoner; historie

Bildebehandlingsmetoder i fremstilling av digitale satelittkart over Antarktis - Davidsen, Dag (Universitetet i Oslo, 1988)
Publication Title: Bildebehandlingslaboratoriet, Institutt for informatikk ISBN: 8274760352
Keywords: Antarktis; informatikk; kartlegging; kartografi; satellite bilder

Biochemical genetics and population structure of Euphausia superba - Fevolden, Svein Erik (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 1988)
Keywords: Sørishavet; biokjemi; krill; plankton

Genetic population structure of Euphausia superba DANA in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean as demonstrated by different electrophoretic techniques - Fevolden, Svein Erik; Schneppenheim, Reinhard (Polar Biology, 1988)
Electrophoretic analyses of allele distributions at nine polymorphic gene loci were conducted in samples of Euphausia superba from the Bransfield Strait, off the South Orkney Islands, and from the south-eastern part of the Weddell Sea. The aim was to determine whether reported phenotypic differences between krill stocks from these areas could be linked to genotypic differences. Despite minor deviations of genotype distributions from Hardy-Weinberg expectations, the data gave no evidence of genetic heterogeneity over the sampled area, and the hypothesis of a single genetically homogeneous krill population could not be rejected. Genetic data for four selected loci were verified by using two different electrophoretic methods. Results from these two techniques yielded no discrepancies in interpretation of the data.
Keywords: Sør-Orknøyene; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; genetikk; krill; marin biologi; plankton

Notes on Southern Ocean hydrography, sea-ice and bottom water formation - Foldvik, Arne; Gammelsrød, Tor (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1988)
The Southern Ocean circulation and sea-ice distribution is briefly described. The formation of extremely cold bottom water in the Weddell Sea and its relation to the floating Ronne-Filchner Ice Shelves is discussed. It is shown that a concentrated swift eroding bottom current with anomalous low ratio transports the cold and dense ice Shelf Water from the shelf towards large depths. Comments are made on possible implications of this process for the large-scale deep-water circulation and for the interpretation of sediment cores.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; geofysikk; havis; havstrømmer; hydrografi; isshelf; oseanografi

Navigation to nest site in the snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) - Haftorn, Svein; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Bech, Claus (The Condor, 1988)
Publisher: American Ornithological Society
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

Size variation in the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea - Haftorn, Svein; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Bech, Claus (Notornis, 1988)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

Proposed terminology and reporting units for sea ice algal assemblages - Horner, Rita A; Syvertsen, Erik E; Thomas, David P; Lange, Carina (Polar Biology, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; alger; havis; marin biologi; polarområdene; sjøis

Sydpolen 1910-1912 - Huntford, Roland; Hoff, Truls (Roald Amundsens oppdagelsesreiser i bilder, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; Roald Amundsen; Sydpolen; Sydpolsekspedisjonen; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fotografihistorie; historie; oppdagelsesreiser; polarområdene

Skjellressurser i Sydishavet: litteraturstudie - Jakobsen, Øystein; Fiskeridirektoratet (Norges fiskerihøyskole, 1988)
Publication Title: Rapporter og meldinger
Keywords: Sørishavet; marinbiologi; skjell

Borekjerner fra Antarktis - hva kan de fortelle om fortidens klima? - Kanestrøm, Ingolf (Været: populærvitenskapelig tidsskrift, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; iskjerner; klimaforskning

Journal over den Belgiske Sydhavs-Expedition 97-99 - Koren, Johan (1988)
Pages: [60 s.]
Keywords: Antarktis; Belgica (skip); dagbok; oppdagelsesreiser; overvintring; polarekspedisjoner

Mot 90⁰ syd, en rapport - Kristensen, Monica (Polarboken, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; ekspedisjoner; glasiologi

Aeromagnetic reconnaissance over the Riiser-Larsen Ice Shelf, east Antarctica - Kristoffersen, Yngve; Aalerud, Jan (Polar Research, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; glasiologi; havbunnen; isbreer; isfront; seismologi

Minnesmerket på Østre Halsen over antarktispioneren C.A. Larsen - Larsen, Hans-Kjell (Polarboken, 1988)
Keywords: Sørishavet; biografi; historie; hvalfangst

Evidence for deuteric magnetization in hydrothermally altered Mesozoic basaltic rocks from East Antarctica - Løvlie, Reidar (Physics of the earth and planetary interiors, 1988)
Mesozoic basaltic lavas and dykes from Vestfjella, East Antarctica, are dominated by well-grouped, single-component palaeomagnetic directions of normal polarity. Reversed magnetizations, heavily overprinted by normal polarity components, were encountered in a few lava flows and dykes. Only thermal demagnetization was successful in separating tight distributions of reversed polarity directions, interpreted to represent a deuteric magnetization. The region has been exposed to regional hydrothermal alteration to the epidote/prehnite metamorphic facies (T ≈ 300°C). Titanomagnetite grains in high-temperature oxidation classes II–III show alteration features typical for hydrothermally altered basalts; partial to complete replacement of both ilmenite and magnetite to sphene is common in the most altered rocks, which also exhibit varying degrees of decomposition of the opaque minerals. The lavas display two major, but distinctly different, thermomagnetic curves; the ‘kink’ type, previously reported from rocks exposed to the epidote metamorphic facies, and curves dominated by a paramagnetic contribution defining a magnetite Curie point. It is concluded that the basalts have retained palaeomagnetic directions acquired during the deuteric cooling phase, implying that granulation/sphene formation and Fe depletion of decomposed titanomagnetite grains in classes II–III do not necessarily cause complete remagnetization or the acquisition of significant secondary remanent magnetizations.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geofysikk; geokjemi; geologi

Census of breeding Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica and physical features of the breeding colony at Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land, with notes on breeding snow petrels Pagodroma nivea and south polar skuas Catharacta maccormicki - Mehlum, Fridtjof; Gjessing, Yngvar; Haftorn, Svein; Bech, Claus (Polar Research, 1988)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

Antarctic icebergs: production, distribution and disintegration (abstract) - Orheim, Olav (Annals of Glaciology, 1988)
A programme of systematic iceberg observations was initiated in 1981 by Norsk Polarinstitutt through the SCAR Working Group on Glaciology. Icebergs are recorded every 6 h and in five length groups: 10-50, 50-200, 200-500 and 500-1000 m, and those over 1000 m, which are described individually. Data on more than 100 000 icebergs are now on file at Norsk Polarinstitutt, and practically all ships travelling to and from Antarctica participate in the collection of data. This paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of the iceberg data. The quality of the data set is discussed, with consideration of potential errors in and limitations of the data, and various statistical evaluations. Representative distribution data are presented, and used to determine iceberg production, disintegration and mean residence times, and regional and total Antarctic calving rates. The incidence of large-scale calving in particular is evaluated, including the remarkably large break-offs in recent years. These exceed both the total annual accumulation on the Antarctic continent and the mean annual calving rate as determined from ship observations. The results show further: (1) that there are more than 200 000 icebergs south of the Antarctic Convergence, (2) that there are large regional differences in iceberg calving rates and iceberg sizes, and (3) that the calving rate from Antarctica is higher than that given in most previous estimates, which implies (4) that the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet is not positive as suggested by most recent estimates.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Sørishavet; glasiologi

Numerical Analysis of Landsat Thematic Mapper Images of Antarctica: Surface Temperatures and Physical Properties - Orheim, Olav; Lucchitta, Baerbel K (Annals of Glaciology, 1988)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; glasiologi; innlandsis; satellittbilder; topografi

Cladonia galindezii, a new Antarctic lichen species - Øvstedal, Dag Olav (Cryptogamie, Bryologieet Lichénologie, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; botanikk; lav; planter

On the variation of Ochrolechia parella in the western Antarctic and Subantarctic area - Øvstedal, Dag Olav (Polarforschung, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; botanikk; lav; planter

Belgica : den første overvintringen i Antarktis 1897-1899 - [Smedvig, Nora] ([Nordsjøselskapet], 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; Belgica (skip); Roald Amundsen; forskning; oppdagelsesreiser; overvintring; polarekspedisjoner; utstillinger

The legitimacy of concluding an Antarctic mineral resources convention among the Atarctic Treaty parties - Sollie, Finn (Antarctic challenge III: conflicting interests, cooperation, environmental protection, economic development, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; jus; mineraler

Ekspedisjonen til Peter I Øy - Svendsen, Knut; Eiken, Trond (Polarboken, 1988)
Keywords: Peter I. Øy; ekspedisjoner; kartlegging; naturvitenskap

Temperature of active layer at Bunger Oasis in Antarctica in summer 1978-79 - Wójcik, Gabriel (Proceedings / Permafrost, Fifth International Conference, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; geofysikk; permafrost

Chemical weathering in permafrost regions of Antarctica: Great Wall Station of China, Casey Station and Davis Station of Australia - Xie, Youyu (Proceedings / Permafrost, Fifth International Conference, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; geofysikk; geokjemi

Early geological exploration of Seymour Island, Antarctica - Zinsmeister, William J (Geology and Paleontology of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, 1988)
Keywords: Antarktis; Carl Anton Larsen; D/S Jason; Seymourøya; Vestantarktis; ekspedisjoner; forskning; geologi; hvalfangere; oppdagelsesreiser

Norway's polar territories - Barr, Susan (Aschehoug, 1987)
Keywords: Antarktis; Bouvetøya; Dronning Maud Land; Nordmenn; Norge; Peter I. Øy; geografi; geologi; historie; polarområdene; polarpolitikk

Palaeoceanography of the subantarctic South Atlantic - Ciesielski, Paul; Kristoffersen, Yngve (Nature, 1987)
Keywords: Sørishavet; oseanografi

Amundsens sydpolferd 1910-12: vitenskapelige resultater sett i lys av nyere målinger - Dannevig, Petter (Været: populærvitenskapelig tidsskrift, 1987)
Keywords: Antarktis; ekspedisjoner; historie; meteorologi

Fra Monica Kristensens antarktisekspedisjon 1986-87 - Dannevig, Petter (Været: populærvitenskapelig tidsskrift11, 1987)
Keywords: Antarktis; ekspedisjoner

Biochemistry of the autolytic processes in Antarctic krill post mortem. Autoproteolysis - Ellingsen, Trond E.; Mohr, Viggo (Biochemical Journal, 1987)
1. Autoproteolysis post mortem was examined at 0 degree C by following the changes in the major classes of krill (Euphausia superba and Euphausia crystallorophias) proteins and by liberation of peptides and free amino acids, and was based on experiments conducted on board expedition vessels in the Antarctic. 2. Primarily salt-soluble proteins were broken down during the first week of incubation, whereas water-soluble and insoluble proteins were degraded to a much smaller extent. The enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis presumably originate primarily from the digestive apparatus of the krill. 3. In general, the individual amino acids were released at rates corresponding to their relative occurrence in the bulk protein of the krill. Alanine was liberated in larger amounts than would be expected from the composition of the krill protein, and was evidently formed also by reactions other than proteolysis. Glutamic acid, and certain amino acids which presumably occur with high frequency adjacent to glumatic acid residues in the krill protein, were liberated only to a limited extent, and accumulated in smaller peptides. 4. During proteolysis, arginine seemed to be converted to some degree into ornithine, and on prolonged incubation conversion of arginine and lysine into their corresponding decarboxylation products, agmatine and cadaverine, appeared to take place.
Keywords: Sørishavet; biokjemi; krill; marin biologi; plankton

Botany of Bouvetøya, South Atlantic Ocean. II. The terrestrial vegetation of Bouvetøya - Engelskjøn, Torstein (Polar Research, 1987)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; botanikk; forskning; planter

Breeding ecology of the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica Antarctica in Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land - Fridtjof, Mehlum; Claus, Bech; Svein, Haftorn (Proceedings of the NIPR Symposium on Polar Biology, 1987)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

Geochemistry of basalt lavas from Vestfjella and adjacent areas, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Furnes, Harald; Vad, Erik; Austrheim, Håkon; Mitchell, John G.; Garmann, Leif B. (Lithos, 1987)
K-Ar ages, major- and trace-element compositions, and Sr-isotope data are presented for basalt lavas from Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The new conventional K-Ar age data have yielded ages from 171 ± 2 to 695 ± 11 Ma, but the youngest (i.e. Middle Jurassic) ages are preferred. Mineralogical and chemical data show that the majority of the basalts are tholeiites. Petrographic mixing calculations, REE modelling, and the Sr isotope data suggest that they were derived by partial melting of garnet-free lherzolites with variable REE patterns, and subsequently modified by fractionation of olivine, Ca-rich pyroxene and plagioclase. Incompatible trace-element data from nearby Middle Jurassic basalt lavas (from Kirwanryggen and Heimefrontfjella) suggest a different source and REE modelling indicates generation from garnet lherzolites.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1976/77; geokjemi; geologi; mineralogi; paleontologi; petrografi

Geology, geophysics, and hydrocarbon potential of Antarctica continental margin of Weddell Sea - Hinz, K.; Kristoffersen, Yngve (AAPG Bulletin, 1987)
A prominent escarpment, called the Explora-Andenes Escarpment, has been recognized between long. 40°W, lat. 72°40primeS and long. 10°W, lat. 69°20primeS. It separates the continental margin from the Weddell Sea basin. Our recent MCS data have revealed the presence of some remarkably symmetric structures beneath a thick pile of tectonically undisturbed sediments. For example, two extensive wedge-shaped basement units occur between 20°W and 40°W. These units are characterized by a pattern of divergent reflectors which surround an elongated depression in basement. The northern wedge terminates against the Explora-Andenes Escarpment between 25°W and 30°W. The southern wedge, known as the Explora Wedge, shows a northward-dipping reflection pattern. The seismic characteristics suggest that both wedges consist of volcanic rocks. The basement depression is interpreted as a failed rift basin. The initial fragmentation of Gondwana was accompanied by prolific volcanism, which led to the emplacement of the wedges of "dipping reflectors." The tectonomagmatic/volcanic period was followed by transtensional movements between Africa and Antarctica. This phase was heralded by the formation of the Explora-Andenes Escarpment as a new plate boundary and the opening of the Weddell Sea by sea-floor spreading. The Explora-Andenes Escarpment cuts across the early rift structures. The initial fragmentation of Gondwana was accompanied by prolific volcanism, which led to the emplacement of the wedges of dipping reflectors. The tectonomagmatic/volcanic period was followed by transtensional movements between Africa and Antarctica. This phase was heralded by the formation of the Explora-Andenes Escarpment as a new plate boundary and the opening of the Weddell Sea by sea-floor spreading. The Explora-Andenes Escarpment cuts across the early rift structures.
Meeting abstract from: AAPG Annual Convention, Los Angeles, California, June 7-10, 1987
Keywords: Antarktis; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; geofysikk; geologi

Rosshavets base på Stewart Island - Hoff, Stein (Norsk sjøfartsmuseum. Årsberetning, 1987)
Publisher: Museet Place: Oslo
Keywords: Antarktis; Carl Anton Larsen; Nordmenn; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangststasjoner; pelagisk

The South Pole expedition 1910-1912 - Huntford, Roland (The Amundsen photographs, 1987)
Keywords: Antarktis; Roald Amundsen; Sydpolen; Sydpolsekspedisjonen; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fotografihistorie; historie; oppdagelsesreiser; polarområdene

Interrelationships between egg dimensions, pore numbers, incubation time, and adult body mass in Procellariiformes with special reference to the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica - Mehlum, Fridtjof; Rahn, Hermann; Bech, Claus; Haftorn, Svein (Polar Research, 1987)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

Levels and interactions of heavy metals in sea birds from Svalbard and the Antarctic - Norheim, Gunnar (Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 1987)
Samples of liver and kidney from 92 seabirds of ten species collected on Spitsbergen and in the Antarctic, were analysed for their content of copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury and selenium. Significantly higher levels of copper and zinc were observed in birds from Spitsbergen than in those from the Antarctic, while the opposite was true for selenium. The highest cadmium levels were found in fulmar Fulmarus glacialis and macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus. A possibility of kidney damage due to cadmium exists. The highest mercury levels were recorded in brown skua Catharacta lonnbergi collected at Bouvetøya. Lead was not detected in any of the birds. Significant correlations were observed between levels of several of the metals studied, especially between cadminum and zinc and between mercury and selenium. However, for all birds, the highest correlation coefficients were observed when the molar concentrations of cadmium plus mercury, and selenium plus zinc, were used in the calculations. Thus several protective mechanisms may operate to diminish effects of heavy metal contaminants.
Keywords: Bouvetøya; Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; forurensning; fugler; miljøgifter; ornitologi

Evolution of under water sides of ice shelves and icebergs - Orheim, Olav (Annals of Glaciology, 1987)
A systematic programme of side-scan sonar and plumb- line soundings was carried out in the Weddell Sea area in 1985 to measure the under-water sides of ice shelves and icebergs. From these observations the following model is suggested for the evolution of the ice front: (1) Initial stage: fracturing of the ice shelves takes place along smooth, curvi-linear segments with vertical faces. (2) Formative stage: the freshly formed vertical face is eroded both by wave and swell action around the water line, by small calvings from the undercut, overhanging subaerial face, and by submarine melting. The melting has a minimum at 50–100 m depth, and increases with depth to a rate of around 10 m a−1 at 200 m, This is about twice the rate of erosion at the water line. The variation in melting with depth results from a combination of summer melting by near-surface water, and year-round melting by water masses that are increasingly warmer than the pressure melting-point with depth. (3) Mature stage: this stage is reached after a few years of exposure. The backward erosion of the face leads to a shape with a prominent under-water “nose” with a maximum projection to more than 50 m at 50–100 m depth. The ramp above this slopes upwards to meet the vertical wall about 5 m below the water line. The ice below the nose is melted back beyond the above-water face. There is no net buoyancy and ice shelves at this mature stage are generally not up-warped at the front.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Sørishavet; glasiologi

Icebergs in the Southern Ocean (abstract) - Orheim, Olav (Annals of Glaciology, 1987)
Relatively little data on the distribution of Antarctic icebergs were available prior to 1980. The published literature included size data of about 5000 icebergs, and position data of 12 000 icebergs. There were indications that the size data were biased in favour of larger icebergs. A programme of systematic iceberg observations was therefore initiated by Norsk Polarinstitutt in 198! through the SCAR Working Group on Glaciology. This programme is based on standard “blue” forms distributed to all ships going to Antarctica. The icebergs are recorded every 6 h and in Five length groups: 10–50, 50–200, 200–500, and 500–1000 m, and those over 1000 m are described individually. The amount of data has increased greatly from the start in 1981–82. The position of 70 000 icebergs, including 50 000 that had been size classified, were on file at Norsk Polarinstitutt by December 1985, and the data set is growing rapidly. Most ships travelling to and from Antarctica now participate in collection of the data. ( shows the locations of the icebergs sighted.) Fig. 1. Location of iceberg observations under the programme initiated in 1981. Main ship tracks are clearly reflected. The average observation represents 14 icebergs. The size distribution of the classified icebergs observed under this programme up to December 1985 is given in : Table I The “standard size” (length, width, and thickness) is based on our observations from three Antarctic expeditions which carried out dedicated iceberg studies. Many icebergs are of course not right-angled parallelepipedal in shape, but this is a good approximation for most of the larger icebergs. The data are based both on visual sightings and on radar observations. Duplicate observations from a ship moving at slow or zero speed are as far as possible eliminated, both during observation, and by critical appraisal before the data are filed. The data editing also includes evaluation of data quality, especially in connection with radar observations, and comparison of positions and dimensions of the large icebergs in order to reduce to a minimum repeated observations from different vessels of icebergs >1000 m. These account for most of the iceberg mass (see ). Consideration of iceberg-distribution patterns and the observed area of the Southern Ocean, and of duplicate observations, indicates more than 300 000 icebergs south of the Antarctic Convergence, with a total ice mass of about 1016 kg. Consideration of mean residence times indicates an annual iceberg production from the continent of 23–1015 kg, which is considerably higher than most other recent estimates. This also suggests that the Antarctic ice sheet is in balance. The data indicate large regional differences in iceberg sizes, the most noticeable being between the two sides of the Antarctic Peninsula, and between the Amery Ice Shelf/ Prydz Bay area and the remainder of East Antarctica. These differences are probably mainly related to different calving sites. About one-third of the observed icebergs are over the continental shelf of Antarctica. The total under-water area of these icebergs is two orders of magnitude less than the under-water area of the Antarctic ice shelves. The annual total iceberg melting and its effect on the water masses over the continental shelf has been calculated from ocean-water temperature variations at 200 m depth and estimated melt rates. This turns out to be an order of magnitude less than the annual effect of melting sea ice. The iceberg data considered here are probably under-represented with respect to the smallest sizes, and they do not include icebergs that have become <10 m. Inclusion of these ice bodies would increase the total melt.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Sørishavet; glasiologi

Snow and Ice Studies By Thematic Mapper and Multispectral Scanner Landsat Images - Orheim, Olav; Lucchitta, Baerbel K (Annals of Glaciology, 1987)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; glasiologi; is; satellittbilder; snø

The Antarctic scene: legal and political facts - Trolle-Andreson, Rolph (The Antarctic treaty regime : law, environment and resources, 1987)
Keywords: Antarktis; Antarktistraktaten 1959; internasjonal rett; jus

Mannen med pappnesen (Polarboken, 1986)
Keywords: Antarktis; ekspedisjoner; fotografi; historie

Det internasjonale samarbeid i Antarktis og forhandlingene om et mineralregime - Andersen, Rolf Trolle (Polarboken, 1986)
Keywords: Antarktis; mineraler; politikk

Motortankskipenes inntog. En komparasjon av utviklingen i dansk, norsk og svensk skipsbyggingsindustri, ca. 1912 til 1933 - Basberg, Bjørn L (Sjøfartshistorisk årbok : Norwegian yearbook of maritime history, 1986)
Publisher: Stiftelsen Bergens sjøfartsmuseum Place: Bergen
Keywords: Sørishavet; historie; hvalbåter; hvalfangstindustri; pelagisk; skipsbyggerier; skipsfart

Oppfinere og teknologisk utvikling i norsk hvalfangsthistorie - Basberg, Bjørn L (Sandefjordmuseene. Årbok, 1986)
Keywords: Antarktis; Nordmenn; Norge; harpuner; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; patenter; pelagisk

Bryophytes of Bouvetøya - Bell, Graham B; Blom, Hans H (Botany of Bouvetøya, south atlantic Ocean. I. Cryptogamic taxonomy and phytogeography, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; botanikk; ekspedisjoner; moser

Da hvalfangerne organiserte seg. Forholdet mellom sosial mobilitet og organisering - Devig, Thor N (Sandefjordmuseene. Årbok, 1986)
Keywords: Sørishavet; arbeidsforhold; fagforbund; fagforeninger; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; hvalfangststasjoner; hvalkokeri

Botany of two Antarctic mountain ranges: Gjelsvikfjella and Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land. I. General ecology and development of the Antarctic cold desert cryptogam formation - Engelskjøn, Torstein (Polar Research, 1986)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; botanikk; ekspedisjoner; forskning; planter

General outline of the botanical investigations on Bouvetøya - Engelskjøn, Torstein (Botany of Bouvetøya, south atlantic Ocean. I. Cryptogamic taxonomy and phytogeography, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; botanikk; ekspedisjoner

Zonality of climate and plant distributions in some Arctic and Antarctic regions - Engelskjøn, Torstein (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1986)
Publication Title: Norsk Polarinstitutt. Rapportserie
Keywords: Bouvetøya; Dronning Maud Land; botanikk; klima; planter; polarområdene

Phytogeographical relations of the cryptogamic flora of Bouvetøya - Engelskjøn, Torstein; Jørgensen, Per Magnus (Botany of Bouvetøya, south atlantic Ocean. I. Cryptogamic taxonomy and phytogeography, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; botanikk; ekspedisjoner; lav

Kaptein C.A. Larsen: mannen som grunnla den moderne hvalfangsten i Sydishavet - Fagerli, Torkel (Polarboken, 1986)
Keywords: Sørishavet; biografi; historie; hvalfangst

Genetic variation of Euphausia superba Dana in the Antarctic Peninsula waters - Fevolden, Svein Erik (Sarsia, 1986)
Nine samples of Antarctic krill collected at seven localities in the Palmer Archipelago and Bransfield Strait west of the Antarctic Peninsula were analysed for genetic variation at eight enzyme loci. Despite significant among sample heterogeneity in allele frequencies, no convincing evidence was found to support the hypothesis of distinct genetic stocks of Euphausia superba in the investigated area. Allele frequency distributions could not be correlated to regional differences in size patterns. Allelic proportions at the PGI locus did not indicate that the investigated krill was genetically different from E. superba from the Weddell Sea region (from earlier investigations). Deviations of genotypes, or allele frequencies from those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, however, may indicate regional, or yearly variation due to occasional selection.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; genetikk; krill; plankton

Oceanographic research during NARE-84/85 - Foldvik, Arne (Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf Programme. Report, 1986)
Keywords: Sørishavet; oseanografi

Absolute movements, mass balance and snow temperatures of the Riiser-Larsenisen Ice Shelf, Antarctica - Gjessing, Yngvar; Wold, Bjørn (Glaciological research on Riiser-Larsenisen and nearby ice-shelves in Antarctica, 1986)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1978/79; geofysikk; glasiologi; isshelf

A quantitative analysis of the behaviour of the Chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica and Macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus on Bouvetoya during the late incubation and early nestling periods - Haftorn, Svein (Polar Research, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; ekspedisjoner; pingviner; zoologi

Antarktis petrellen - verdens mest hardføre fugl? - Haftorn, Svein (Viten : populær vitenskap, 1986)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

Hvalfangernes gravsteder i Antarktis - Headland, Robert K (Sandefjordmuseene. Årbok, 1986)
Keywords: Antarktis; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangstindustri; hvalfangststasjoner; hvalindustri

Monica på veg til 90° syd - Heimark, Kjell Gunnar (Været: populærvitenskapelig tidsskrift, 1986)
Keywords: Antarktis; ekspedisjoner

Proteases of Antarctic krill—a new system for effective enzymatic debridement of necrotic ulcerations - Hellgren, L.; Mohr, Viggo; Vincent, J. (Experientia, 1986)
The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) possesses an ‘over-dimensioned’ digestive system, which is of vital importance for the survival of this euphaucean shrimp in the extreme marine environment. The isolated enzymes contain a well-balanced mixture of both endo- and exopeptidases, assuring fast and complete breakdown of proteinaceous material. These unique properties have now been shown to be extremely valuable for the effective removal of necrotic debris, fibrin or blood crusts in vitro. Therefore the krill enzymes should be considered as an important resource in the future management of necrotic wounds.
Keywords: Sørishavet; biokjemi; krill; marin biologi; medisin; plankton

Utviklingen i internasjonal forvaltning av hval 1975-1985: politisk mobilisering, økonomisk marginalisering - Hoel, Alf Håkon (Fridtjof Nansens institutt, 1986)
Publication Title: Fridtjof Nansens institutt. Studie R
Keywords: Sørishavet; forvaltning; hvalfangst

Antarctic ozone depletion: 2-D model studies - Isaksen, Ivar S. A.; Stordal, Frode (Geophysical Research Letters, 1986)
Antarctic ozone depletion is estimated in a 2-D global model as a result of increase in chlorine levels from 1 ppb to 2.7 ppb and an increase in bromine levels from 15 ppt to 30 ppt. The adopted increase is assumed to be the anthropogenic influence on the stratospheric concentrations of chlorine and bromine species in 1985. Heterogeneous formation of ClO from the reaction between ClONO2 and HCl is included in the calculations, hypothesizing this is the dominant reaction path for chlorinated species on particle surfaces. A total ozone depletion as high as 14-20% may have occurred during the month of October at 80°S when maximum depletion is obtained. Both the magnitude and the time period when the maximum depletion occurs, agree with observed depletion over the last 8 years.
Keywords: Antarktis; geofysikk; meteorologi; ozonhull; ozonlaget

Macrolichens of Bouvetøya - Jørgensen, Per Magnus (Botany of Bouvetøya, south atlantic Ocean. I. Cryptogamic taxonomy and phytogeography, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; botanikk; lav

The supralittoral, freshwater and terrestrial algal vegetation of Bouvetøya - Klaveness, Dag; Rueness, Jan (Botany of Bouvetøya, south atlantic Ocean. I. Cryptogamic taxonomy and phytogeography, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; alger; botanikk

Geophysical evidence for the East Antarctic plate boundary in the Weddell Sea - Kristoffersen, Yngve; Haugland, Kristen (Nature, 1986)
An improved Gondwanaland reconstruction compatible with geological and geophysical information from the surrounding oceans and continents seems to require microplates to solve the enigmatic pre-early-Mesozoic tectonic relation between West and East Antarctica1. New multi-channel seismic reflection data from the southeastern Weddell Sea acquired during the 1984–85 Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition (NARE) have outlined a linear WSW–ENE-trending basement ridge buried below the continental slope over a distance of 700 km. This structural high truncates the trend of the large sedimentary basins below the Filchner and Ronne ice shelves and may continue to within a few hundred kilometres of the Antarctic Penninsula. We interpret the basement ridge as part of the East Antarctic plate boundary during the break-up of Gondwana. The morphology and structure of this boundary show greater apparent similarity to a rifted or obliquely rifted margin than to the sheared margin which is predicted by current reconstructions2,3. A linear East Antarctic plate margin extending to the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula makes any post-rift micro-plate motion in the Weddell Embayment unlikely.
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1984/85; Weddellhavet; geofysikk; geologi; tektonikk

Norge i Antarktis - Luraas, Ragnar; Kjærvik, Atle (Norsk journalisthøgskole, 1986)
Keywords: Antarktis; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangst; politikk

Fugler i de norske deler av Antarktis - Mehlum, Fridtjof (Vår fuglefauna, 1986)
Publisher: Norsk ornitologisk forening
Keywords: Bouvetøya; Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; Peter I. Øy; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

Petreller i Dronning Maud Land - Mehlum, Fridtjof (Polarboken, 1986)
Publisher: Norsk Polarklubb
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

Glaciological research on the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition (NARE) 1984/85 - Orheim, Olav (Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf Programme. Report, 1986)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; Sørishavet; glasiologi; havis

Flow and thickness of Riiser-Larsenisen, Antarctica - Orheim, Olav; Drewry, David (Glaciological research on Riiser-Larsenisen and nearby ice-shelves in Antarctica, 1986)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1978/79; glasiologi; isshelf

Oxygen isotopes and accumulation rates at Riiser-Larsenisen, Antarctica - Orheim, Olav; Gjessing, Yngvar; Lunde, Torbjørn; Repp, Kjell; Wold, Bjørn; Clausen, Henrik B; Liestøl, Olav (Glaciological research on Riiser-Larsenisen and nearby ice-shelves in Antarctica, 1986)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1978/79; geofysikk; glasiologi; isshelf

Hydrolysis of proteins by peptide hydrolases of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba - Osnes, Knut Kristian; Ellingsen, Trond E.; Mohr, Viggo (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 1986)
1. The hydrolysis of casein by peptide hydrolases of Antarctic krill, E. superba, has been 2. The peptide hydrolases studied included trypsin-like enzymes, carboxypeptidase A-type of enzymes, carboxypeptidase B-type of enzymes, and an aminopeptidase isolated from Antarctic krill. 3. The trypsin-like enzymes seemed to play a decisive role in the degradation of casein, whereas the carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase B and the aminopeptidase had limited effect when acting on casein alone. When combined with the trypsin-like enzymes, the exopeptidases effected enhanced release of amino acids from the protein. 4. Based on the pattern of amino acids relased from casein by a crude extract of krill, and by the isolated peptide hydrolases either alone or in combination, it is concluded that the purified peptide hydrolases examined comprise the major enzymes responsible for the autoproteolytic activity of krill at neutral- to weakly alkaline pH.
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; Sørishavet; biokjemi; krill; marin biologi; plankton

On the purification and characterization of exopeptidases from Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba - Osnes, Knut Kristian; Mohr, Viggo (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 1986)
1. Two carboxypeptidase-A type of enzymes and two carboxypeptidase-B type of enzymes effecting hydrolysis of Hipp-l-Phe and Hipp-l-Arg respectively, have been purified from E. superba using gel filtration, affinity chromatography and FPLC-anion exchange chromatography. In addition an aminopeptidase has been partly purified. 2. The carboxypeptidases had mol. wts of 27,000 (carboxypeptidase A) and 31,000 (carboxypeptidase B). 3. Carboxypeptidase A exhibited a broad pH optimum with a maximum at pH 5.5–6.5, whereas carboxypeptidase B had a more narrow pH-optimum with a maximum at pH 7. The aminopeptidase had an optimum at about pH 8.7. 4. The carboxypeptidases were inhibited by the chelating agent 1,10-phenanthroline.
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; Sørishavet; biokjemi; krill; marin biologi; plankton

Crustose lichens of Bouvetøya - Øvstedal, Dag Olav (Botany of Bouvetøya, south atlantic Ocean. I. Cryptogamic taxonomy and phytogeography, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; botanikk; lav

Lichens and lichen parasites from the British-Swedish-Norwegian antarctic expedition 1949-52 to Dronning Maud Land - Øvstedal, Dag Olav (Cryptogamie: bryologie, lichenologie, 1986)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; botanikk; ekspedisjoner; lav; parasitter; planter

Lichencolous ascomycetes from Bouvetøya - Øvstedal, Dag Olav; Hawksworth, David L (Botany of Bouvetøya, south atlantic Ocean. I. Cryptogamic taxonomy and phytogeography, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; botanikk; lav

Photoadaptation in Antarctic phytopfankton: variations in growth rate, chemical composition and P versus I curves - Sakshaug, Egil; Holm-Hansen, Osmund (Journal of Plankton Research, 1986)
The response of phytoplankton to variations in the light regime was studied during the VULCAN and ACDA cruises in the Antarctic. Unenriched batch cultures of 12–19 days' duration reached chl concentrations of 10–50 μg−1 and exhibited exponential growth rates, with the maximal rate being 0.41 doubl, day−1. Ice edge algae exhibited maximum growth rates at photon flux densities (PFD) of 30–100 μE m−2S−1 and the growth rate was reduced by about 30% at 500–1000 μE m−2S−1 The chl/C ratio ranged between 0.004 and 0.018, with the lowest ratios at PFDs above 500 μE m−2S−1 chl/C ratios were also below maximum at PFDs below 40–50 μE m−2S−1 The C:N:P ratios were close to the Redfield ratios; the Si/C ratio averaged 0.16 (atoms), and the ATP/C ratio averaged from 0.0024 to 0.0050 in different culture senes. When thawed after having been frozen for 10 days, shade-adapted cultures were in a much better condition than sun-adapted ones. P versus I data showed that the maximum assimilation number varied from 0.75 to 4.4 μg C (μg chl)−1h−1. It varied inversely with the chl/C ratio; therefore the maximum carbon turnover rate varied little between samples (0.024/0.035 h−1). Low biomass communities exhibited relatively high values for α (the initial slope of P versus I curves), low values for 1sat (160–330 μE m−2S−1), and they were susceptible to photoinhibition. In contrast, communities dominated by Odontella weissflogii exhibited low values for α, a high value for Isat (560 μE m−2S−1 and they tolerated high PFDs. The photo-adaptational status of the phytoplankton in natural water samples is discussed relative to the profile of water column stability and mixing processes.
Keywords: Sørishavet; alger; biokjemi; fytoplankton; marin biologi; oseanografi; planteplankton

Lamprospora miniatopsis Spooner, a bryophilous discomycete from Bouvetøya - Schumacher, Trond (Botany of Bouvetøya, south atlantic Ocean. I. Cryptogamic taxonomy and phytogeography, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; botanikk; ekspedisjoner; moser

Ecology of Cryptopygus sverdrupi (Insecta: Collembola) from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Sømme, Lauritz (Polar Biology, 1986)
Observations on the ecology of Cryptopygus sverdrupi Lawrence (Collembola, Isotomidae) were made with specimens from the Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. At an elevation of 1600 m a.s.l. the species was numerous in association with the green alga Prasiola on gravel fields and in crevices of large boulders. The distribution of size-classes in field samples suggested that the population comprised several overlapping generations. Growth and development is probably very slow due to long winters and daily periods of subzero temperatures in their microhabitat during the summer. Specimens collected in mid-January had a mean supercooling point of-24.6°C with small individual variations. The lack of high supercooling points in the summer suggests that the springtails feed on a nuleatorfree diet. The ability to supercool was increased during prolonged starvation and acclimation at 0,-4 and-8°C. Glycerol and other potential low molecular weight cryoprotective substances were demonstrated in specimens acclimated at-4 and-8°C. The species possessed a relatively high tolerance to desiccation.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; entomologi; kuldetoleranse; leddyr; zoologi; økologi

New records of terrestrial arthropods from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Sømme, Lauritz (Polar Research, 1986)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; ekspedisjoner; entomologi; forskning; leddyr; zoologi

Terrestrial arthropods of Bouvetøya - Sømme, Lauritz (Polar Research, 1986)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; ekspedisjoner; forskning; midder; miter; virvelløse dyr

Noen norske stedsnavn på Syd Georgia - Thoresen, Per (Sandefjordmuseene. Årbok, 1986)
Keywords: Antarktis; Nordmenn; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangstindustri; hvalfangststasjoner; hvalindustri

Oversikt over naturområder og forekomster i Norge og polarområdene som er fredet eller vernet pr. 1. januar 1985 (Miljødepartementet, 1985)
Pages: 96 s. Place: Oslo
Keywords: Bouvetøya; kultur; miljøvern; naturvern; polarområdene

Suksess i syd: utvidet forskning i Antarktis (Forsvarets forum, 1985)
Keywords: Antarktis; Bouvetøya; Sørishavet; ekspedisjoner; forskning; logistikk

Aleksandr Stepanovich Kuchin: the Russian who went south with Amundsen - Barr, William (Polar Record, 1985)
Aleksandr Stepanovich Kuchin (1888–1912) was already an experienced mariner and oceanographer when Amundsen invited him to join the Fram expedition of 1910–12. Expecting a voyage through the Barents Sea, Kuchin found himself on an expedition to the Antarctic. While Amundsen's sledging parties sought the South Pole, Kuchin remained with the ship, completing an excellent oceanographic survey of the southern Atlantic Ocean. Returning to Russia in 1912 he was recruited, by the geologist and explorer V. A. Rusinov to join a scientific expedition to Svalbard. As deputy leader of the party and captain of Gerkules, the expedition ship, Kuchin played an important role in the Svalbard survey. Then once again found himself heading in an unexpected direction: on completing the Svalbard work, Rusanov decided to attempt the Northern Sea Route to the Bering Strait. Gerkules disappeared and was never seen again; her loss, presumably in the Kara Sea, brought to an untimely end the career of a promising young polar explorer.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Roald Amundsen; Sydpolsekspedisjonen; Sørishavet; biografier; oseanografi; polarområdene

Technological transformation in the Norwegian whaling industry in the interwar period - Basberg, Bjørn L (Scandinavian Economic History Review, 1985)
Inventions, innovations and technological changes in the broadest sense are often treated as an independent process and are not subjected to any detailed attempts at explanation. It is scarcely anything exceptional, for example, that Sigurd Risting, the first historian of the whaling industry in Norway, explains the development of whaling as follows: Thus there has been a large stock of finback whales along the coast of Norway for hundreds of years without their having been an object of regular profitable hunting. The reason for this has been nothing more than lack of tackle and methods capable of making hunting possible. The moment these become available, whaling as a rational business will arise by itself out of natural necessity, so to speak." Bjern L. Basberg, b. 1952, is a research fellow in economic history at the Norwegian School of Economic and Business Administration. The article is based on a thesis of 1980 titled: Innovasjons-teori, patenter og teknologisk utvikling i norsk hvalfangst ca. 1860-1968.
Publisher: Routledge
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; hvalfangst; pelagisk; teknologi; økonomi

Flykatastrofe i antarktisk "white out" - Dannevig, Petter (Været: populærvitenskapelig tidsskrift, 1985)
Keywords: Antarktis; luftfart

Geodetic-topographic measurements in Dronning Maud Land and on Bouvetøya - Eiken, Trond; Svendsen, Knut (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; geodesi; målinger; topografi

Botany of Gjelsvikfjella and Muhlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land - Engelskjøn, Torstein (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; botanikk; ekspedisjoner; planter

Hydrographic observations on the southern Weddell Sea shelf break - Foldvik, Arne; Gammelsrød, Tor (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: NARE 1984/85; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; hydrografi; oseanografi

Oceanographic conditions on the Weddell Sea Shelf during the German Antarctic Expedition 1979/80 - Foldvik, Arne; Gammelsrød, Tor; Slotsvik, Noralf; Tørresen, Tor (Polar Research, 1985)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; ekspedisjoner; hydrografi; isshelf; oseanografi

Circulation and Water Masses on the Southern Weddell Sea Shelf - Foldvik, Arne; Gammelsrød, Tor; Tørresen, Tor (Oceanology of the Antarctic Continental Shelf, 1985)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; forskning; havstrømmer; oseanografi

Hydrographic observations from the Weddell Sea during the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1976/77 - Foldvik, Arne; Gammelsrød, Tor; Tørresen, Tor (Polar Research, 1985)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; hydrografi; kontinentalsokkel; observasjoner

Physical oceanography studies in the Weddell Sea during the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1978/79 - Foldvik, Arne; Gammelsrød, Tor; Tørresen, Tor (Polar Research, 1985)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; havstrømmer; hydrografi; isshelf; oseanografi

Bottom Currents Near the Continental Shelf Break in the Weddell Sea - Foldvik, Arne; Kvinge, Thor; Tørresen, Tor (Oceanology of the Antarctic Continental Shelf, 1985)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; bunnvann; havstrømmer; kontinentalsokkel; kontinentalsokler; tidevannsstrømmer

Geological and palaeomagnetic research in Vestfjella Dronning Maud Land - Furnes, Harald; Løvlie, Reidar (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; geologi

Meteorological and glaciological studies in Dronning Maud Land - Gjessing, Yngvar (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; glasiologi; meteorologi

Geophysical studies in the southern Weddell Sea - Haugland, Kristen; Kristoffersen, Yngve (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: NARE 1984/85; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; geofysikk

Seismic investigations in the Weddell Sea Embayment - Haugland, Kristen; Kristoffersen, Yngve; Velde, Anders (Tectonophysics, 1985)
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; Weddellhavet; ekspedisjoner; seismologi

Alternate Carbon Pathways at Lower Trophic Levels in the Antarctic Food Web - Hewes, Christopher D; Holm-Hansen, Osmund; Sakshaug, Egil (Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs, 1985)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; diatomeer; fytoplankton; krill; marin biologi; oseanografi; plankton

The International Whaling Commission 1972-1984 : new members, new concerns - Hoel, Alf Håkon (Fridtjof Nansens institutt, 1985)
ISBN: 8290156162
Keywords: Sørishavet; hvalfangst; internasjonale; organisasjoner; statsvitenskap

Geomorphological and glaciological observations in Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land - Jonsson, Stig (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; geomorfologi; glasiologi

Iceberg research and other glaciological studies from K/V "Andenes" - Kristensen, Monica; Orheim, Olav (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: NARE 1984/85; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; glasiologi; isfjell

Swedish Antarctic research. A historical Review - Liljequist, Gösta H (Sweden and Antarctica, 1985)
Keywords: Antarktis; Dronning Maud Land; Maudheimekspedisjonen; NBSAE 1949-52; NSBX 1949-52; Norsk-britisk-svenske antarktisekspedisjon; ekspedisjoner; forskning; meteorologi

Ornithological investigations in Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land - Mehlum, Fridtjof; Bech, Claus; Haftorn, Svein (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

På ekspedisjon til Sørpolen - Moberg, John (Norsk barneblad, 1985)
Keywords: Antarktis; Bouvetøya; Dronning Maud Land; ekspedisjoner; geofysikk; glasiologi; teknologi

Impact of Grounded Icebergs on the Hydrographic Conditions Near the Filchner Ice Shelf - Nøst, Ole Anders; Østerhus, Svein (Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin, 1985)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; havis; hydrografi; isberg; isfjell; isshelf; sjøis; vannmasser

Geology of Gjelsvikfjella and western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella - Ohta, Yoshihide; Tørudbakken, Bjøn (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; geologi

Sedimentological research in northwestern part of Dronning Maud Land - Olaussen, Snorre (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; geologi; nunataker; sedimentologi

Iceberg discharge and the mass balance of Antarctica - Orheim, Olav (National Academy Press, 1985)
Pages: 210-215 Publication Title: Glaciers, Ice Sheet, and Sea Level: Effects of a CO2 - Induced Climatic Change Place: Seattle, Washington
Keywords: Antarktis; glasiologi; innlandsis; isberg; isbreer

Isfjell og isbreer i Antarktis - Orheim, Olav (Det norske videnskaps-akademi. Årbok, 1985)
Keywords: Antarktis; glasiologi

Peptide hydrolases of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba - Osnes, Knut Kristian (Norwegian Institute of Technology, University of Trondheim, 1985)
Publication Title: Department of Biochemistry ISBN: 8272450119
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1978/79; Sørishavet; biokjemi; fiskeprodukter; krill; lyskreps; marin biologi; peptider

On the purification and characterization of three anionic, serine-type peptide hydrolases from antarctic krill, Euphausia Superba - Osnes, Knut Kristian; Mohr, Viggo (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 1985)
1. Three enzymes effecting hydrolysis of TAME have been purified from E. superba using gel filtration, affinity chromatography and FPLC-anion exchange chromatography. 2. The enzymes had molecular weights of 30,000 (Enzyme I), and 31,000 (Enzymes II and III), respectively, as estimated from SDS-PAGE. 3. pH-optima of about 8.2 were observed for all three enzymes. 4. The enzymes were inhibited by phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), tosyl lysyl chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), whereas tosyl phenyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) had no effect on the activity. 5. The enzymes were stable at neutral pH, and only slowly inactivated at highly alkaline pH. Low pH rapidly inactivated all three enzymes. 6. Enzyme I liberated amino acids from casein, whereas Enzymes II and III did not; the latter two being true endopeptidases which effected enhanced amino acid production from casein when mixed with Enzyme I.
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; Sørishavet; biokjemi; krill; marin biologi; plankton

Peptide hydrolases of Antartic krill, Euphausia superba - Osnes, Knut Kristian; Mohr, Viggo (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 1985)
1. A survey has been made of the peptide hydrolase activities occurring in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. 2. A major protein hydrolyzing activity in the pH range of 6–8, and a minor activity at pH 3–4, were detected. 3. Temperature optima of approx. 50°C and 35–40°C, respectively were determined for the neutral and acid peptide hydrolases. 4. Trypsin-like activity, as well as carboxypeptidase A-, carboxypeptidase B-, and aminopeptidase activity were detected in extracts of krill. 5. Considerable variation in total hydrolase activity was observed in different catches of E. superba obtained from the same area. 6. The pattern of release of amino acids during autolytic breakdown of krill proteins was very similar in catches of krill exhibiting considerable differences with respect to total peptide hydrolase activity.
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1976/77; NARE 1978/79; Sørishavet; biokjemi; krill; marin biologi; plankton

Forhandlingane om reduksjon av fangstkvota i Antarktis : Den internasjonale kvalfangstkommisjonen 1960-1965 - Røssum, Jon (UiO/UStat, 1985)
ISBN: 8257033944
Keywords: Sørishavet

The distribution of lipid in the tissues of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba - Saether, Olav; Ellingsen, Trond E.; Mohr, Viggo (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, 1985)
1. The distribution of lipid in the tissues of Euphausia superba has been examined by histological and chemical methods. 2. The total lipid content of krill from different catches may vary considerably, and the variations are probably due both to differences in nutritional status and maturity of the roe of female krill. 3. Female krill contained about twice as much lipid as male krill from the same haul. 4. The roe is the dominating lipid depot in female krill; in both male and female krill lipid-rich areas are found along the digestive tract, between muscle bundles and beneath the exoskeleton. 5. Both the phosphoglyceride- and triacylglycerol content of body fractions of E. superba varied in proportion to the total lipid content, thus supporting the contention that both phosphoglycerides and triacylglycerols serve as depot lipids in this species of krill.
Keywords: Sørishavet; biokjemi; krill; marin biologi; plankton

Marine geological studies on the Weddel Sea shelf - Solheim, Anders; Kristoffersen, Yngve (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: NARE 1984/85; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; marin geologi

Prinsipper, problemer og praksis i Antarktis-utviklingen - Sollie, Finn (Internasjonal politikk, 1985)
Keywords: Antarktis; politikk

Dyr og planter på nunataker i Dronning Maud Land - Sømme, Lauritz (Det norske videnskaps-akademi. Årbok, 1985)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; biologi; insekter; petreller

Ecological studies on Cryptopygus sverdrupi from Muhlig-Hofmannfjella, Antarctica - Sømme, Lauritz (Cryo-Letters, 1985)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; entomologi; kuldetoleranse; leddyr; zoologi; økologi

Terrestrial Habitats - invertebrates - Sømme, Lauritz (Antarctica, 1985)
Keywords: Antarktis; ekspedisjoner; forskning; kuldetoleranse; virvelløse dyr

Terrestrial invertebrates of Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land - Sømme, Lauritz (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic research expedition (NARE) 1984/85, 1985)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; leddyr; virvelløse dyr; zoologi

Resting spore formation in the antarctic diatoms Coscinodiscus furcatus Karsten and Thalassiosira australis Peragallo - Syvertsen, Erik E. (Polar Biology, 1985)
The resting spore morphology of the antarctic diatoms Coscinodiscus furcatus Karsten and Thalassiosira australis Peragallo are described. Both species form endogenous resting spores. The spore valve of C. furcatus differ from those of the vegetative cells primarily by (i) a greater convexity and (ii) a coarser and more distinctly fasciculated areolation. This resting spore is identical to the diatom traditionally identified as C. stellaris var. symbolophorus (Grunow) Jørgensen in the Antarctic. The resting spore of T. australis differs from the vegetative cells by (i) a lack of clusters of strutted processes in a modified ring on valve face, (ii) a coarser areolation and tangential rows of areolae and (iii) a narrower and more simply structured girdle. The resting spore valve of T. australis has been described as belonging to a separate species, Actinocyclus excentricus Peragallo.
Keywords: Sørishavet; diatomeer; marinbiologi

En maringeofysisk undersøkelse i det sørøstre Weddell-havet - Velde, Anders (Universitetet i Bergen, 1985)
Keywords: Sørishavet; fysikk

Moderne hvalfangst. Fra provinsnæring til internasjonal storindustri - Wexelsen, Einar; Møller, Vilhelm (Sandar : grend og gård 1850-1970, med tidsbilder fra næringsliv og kulturhistorie, 1985)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Vestfold; hvalfangere; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; kulturhistorie; pelagisk

Alvorlig uhell på Vostok-basen (Polarboken, 1984)
Keywords: Antarktis; forskningsstasjoner; logistikk

Flichnerfjella Nord: Fimbulheimen (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1984)
Pages: Blad/Sheet K5 Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Norge i Antarktis (Det kgl. Justis- og Politidepartement, 1984)
Keywords: Antarktis; Antarktistraktaten; hvalfangst; polarforskning; utenrikspolitikk

Snorre til Sydpolen: 38 dager på isen (Status (Statoil), 1984)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; ekspedisjoner; geologi

Ressurser og storpolitikk: norske interesser i Antarktis - Andersen, Rolf Trolle (Komiteen, 1984)
Publication Title: Atlanterhavskomiteens skriftserie Issue: 93
Keywords: Antarktis; politikk

Ressursforvaltningen i Antarktis - konflikt eller samarbeid? - Antonsen, Per (Fridtjof Nansens institutt, 1984)
Publication Title: Fridtjof Nansens institutt. Studie R
Keywords: Antarktis; forvaltning; jus; ressurser

Size Frequency Pattern of Euphausia Superba in the Antarctic Peninsula Waters in the Austral Summer of 1983 - Fevolden, Svein Erik; George, Robert Y. (Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1984)
In the austral summer of 1983, schools of krill from Bransfield Strait and Palmer Archipelago were analyzed for composition in terms of size frequencies and maturity stages. Juveniles dominated in all schools, and mature animals never exceeded 6.8% of the animals at any sampling site. Gravid females were encountered in only four out of 15 schools and were never more frequent than 1.8% of the animals in any school. Among subadults and juveniles the largest animals were found on the inside of Palmer Archipelago. Smaller nonreproductive animals were on the outside and in Bransfield Strait. A second group of juveniles, in a size range of 12-15 mm, was more pronounced north of Crocker Passage than south of the Passage. Their potential origin from a more slowly growing and later spawning Southern Weddell Sea population is discussed. Lack of reproductive animals in the Bransfield/South Shetlands vicinity may reflect yearly variation in this region. A hypothesis is put forward on the basis of this study that Palmer Archipelago is a nursery ground for krill spawned elsewhere. The sites of origin of this krill could be ascertained on the basis of studies of enzyme polymorphism in these populations.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; krepsdyr; krill; marin biologi; plankton

Scientific research and cooperation in Antarctica - Gjelsvik, Tore (Antarctic challenge: conflicting interests, cooperation, environmental protection, economic development, 1984)
Keywords: Antarktis; forskning; forvaltning

Marine and non-marine contribution to the chemical composition of snow at the Riiser-Larsenisen Ice Shelf in Antarctica - Gjessing, Yngvar (Atmospheric Environment (1967), 1984)
The distribution with depth of seven different ions in three snow profiles, 1, 60 and 120km from the coast on Riiser-Larsenisen Ice Shelf (72° 30′ S, 15°E) shows a close co-variation between ions of marine origin and non-correlation between these ions and ions of presumptively non-marine origin. The deposition rates of ions of marine origin vary as 50:1 over some 120 km distance from the coast. The SO42−Na+ ratio in snow near the coast is lower than for bulk sea water indicating a loss of SO42− in snow to the atmosphere by volatilization.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geofysikk; geokjemi; isshelf; meteorologi

La hvalene leve : informasjonshefte om vågehvalfangsten og det internasjonale verneforslaget - Goldstick, Miles (Red.) (Aksjon vern hvalen, 1984)
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; norsk; næringsliv

The Norwegian with Scott: Tryggve Gran's Antarctic diary 1910-1913 - Gran, Tryggve; Hatterlsey-Smith, Geoffrey (National Maritime Museum, 1984)
Keywords: Antarktis; dagbøker; ekspedisjoner; historie

Antarctic whaling: trends and prospects - Hoel, Alf Håkon (Fridtjof Nansens institutt, 1984)
Publication Title: Fridtjof Nansens institutt. Studie R
Keywords: Sørishavet; hvalfangst

Norwegian Antarctic research : selected references - Orheim, Olav ([s.n.], 1984)
Keywords: Antarktis; bibliografi; polarforskning

Factors Governing Pelagic Production in Polar Oceans - Sakshaug, Egil; Holm-Hansen, Osmund (Marine Phytoplankton and Productivity: Proceedings of the invited lectures to a symposium organized within the 5th conference of the European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry — Taormina, Sicily, Italy, September 5–8, 1983, 1984)
Keywords: Sørishavet; fytoplankton; havis; krill; planteplankton; primærproduksjon; sjøis; sjøvann

The Development of the Antarctic Treaty System - Sollie, Finn (Antarctic challenge: conflicting interests, cooperation, environmental protection, economic development, 1984)
Keywords: Antarktis; Antarktistraktaten; internasjonal; jus; polarforskning; samarbeid