Kvitkuven: Kronprinsesse Märtha Kyst (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1997)
Pages: Blad/Sheet B6S Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Strategy for Norwegian research in Antarctica (The Research Council of Norway, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; polarforskning

Vestfjella Aust: Maudheimvidda (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1997)
Pages: Blad/Sheet C7S Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Vestfjella Vest: Maudheimvidda (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1997)
Pages: Blad/Sheet B7S Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Chemical composition in water masses and interactions with the sediment in the southern Weddel sea - Anderson, Leif G; Fogelqvist, Elisabet; Hulth, Stefan; Olsson, Kristina; Tanhua, Toste; Tengberg, Anders; Zemlyak, Frank (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: NARE 1992/93; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; analyser; kjemisk; sedimenter; vannmasser

Geological observations in Gjelsvikfjella, Mühlig-Hogmanfjella and western Orvinfjella during NARE 96/97 - Austrheim, Håkon; Elvevold, Synnøve; Engvik, Ane K; Paulsson, Oskar (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1996/97; geologi

Geodetic measurements in Dronning Maud Land - Barstad, Bjørn; Eiken, Trond; Finnes, Randi; Øvstedal, Ola (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1996/97; geodesi; målinger

Geodetic and topographic work - Barstad, Bjørn; Eiken, Trond; Lytskjold, Bjørn (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1992/93; geodesi; topografi

Productivity in the 20th century Antarctic pelagic shore station whaling: growth and stagnation in two technological regimes. - Basberg, Bjørn L (The Great Circle, 1997)
Publisher: Australian Association for Maritime History
Keywords: Antarktis; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangstindustri; hvalfangststasjoner; hvalindustri; pelagisk

To hvalfangstentreprenøren - to strategier? - Basberg, Bjørn L (I det lange løp : essays i økonomisk historie tilegnet Fritz Hodne, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; Carl Anton Larsen; Christen Christensen; Norge; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangstindustri; hvalfangstselskaper; hvalfangststasjoner; hvalkokerier; næringsliv; pelagisk; økonomi

Kulturhistorisk forskning i Antarktis - Basberg, Bjørn Lorens (HIFO-nytt : medlemsblad for Norsk historikerforening, 1997)
Publisher: Historisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo
Keywords: Antarktis; hvalfangst; kulturhistorie; kulturminner

Analysis of merged SMMR-SSMI time series of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice parameters 1978–1995 - Bjørgo, Einar; Johannessen, Ola M.; Miles, Martin W. (Geophysical Research Letters, 1997)
The most consistent means of investigating the global sea ice cover is by satellite passive microwave sensors, as these are independent of illumination and cloud cover. The Nimbus 7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI) provide information on the global sea ice cover from 1978 to present. The two instruments flew simultaneously during a 6-week overlap period in July and August 1987, thus enabling intercomparison of the two sensors. Brightness temperatures are corrected for instrument drift and calibration differences in order to produce continuous time series of monthly averaged Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent and sea ice area through the use of the NOrwegian Remote Sensing EXperiment (NORSEX) algorithm, which relates brightness temperatures to ice concentration. Statistical analysis on the time series estimates the decreases in Arctic ice extent and ice area to be 4.5% and 5.7%, respectively, during the 16.8-year observation period. The overall trends established here serve to better define and strengthen earlier assertions of a reduced ice cover, based on analysis of SMMR and SSMI data taken separately. These results are consistent with GCM simulations that suggest retreat of the sea ice cover under global warming scenarios.
Keywords: Antarktis; global oppvarming; havis; klimaendringer; meteorologi; polarområdene; satellite mikrobølgesensorer

Representation of Antarctic Katabatic Winds in a High-Resolution GCM and a Note on Their Climate Sensitivity - Broeke, Michiel R. van den; Wal, Roderik S. W. van de; Wild, Martin (Journal of Climate, 1997)
Place: Boston MA, USA Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Keywords: Antarktis; Dronning Maud Land; glasiologi; klimatologi; meteorologi

Responses of terrestrial plants and invertebrates to environmental change at high latitudes - Callaghan, Terry V.; Sonesson, Mats; Sømme, Lauritz; Walton, D. W. H.; Christensen, T.; Block, W. C.; Drewry, D. J.; Laws, Richard Maitland; Pyle, John Adrian (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 1997)
Many invertebrates show flexibility in their life cycles and are likely to respond to changes in climate as they have in the past. However, changes in temperature and photoperiod may disturb the life cycles of some existing polar invertebrates while continuing to constrain the polewards migration of more temperate species. Higher plants are likely to have higher productivity as temperatures and atmospheric CO2 levels increase but this productivity will be reduced by exposure to increasing UV-B radiation. Higher plants migrate more slowly than the rate at which climate is predicted to change and many species will be trapped in supra-optimal climates. Both mosses and lichens can migrate faster than higher plants, propagules of non-polar species already reaching the Antarctic, but they have fewer mechanisms of responding to changing environments. Polar vegetation and ecosystems provide feedback to the climate system: positive feedbacks are associated with decreases in reflectivity and increased carbon emissions from warm ing soils. In the Antarctic, feedback and responses to environmental change will be smaller than in the Arctic because of the less responsive cryptogams which dominate the Antarctic, the paucity of Antarctic soils, and geographical barriers to plant and invertebrate migrations.
Publisher: Royal Society
Keywords: Antarktis; biologi; botanikk; klimaendringer; lav; moser; virvelløse dyr

Et større Norge 1949-65 - Eriksen, Knut Einar (Kald krig og internasjonalisering, 1949-1965, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; Norge; historie; internasjonal; polarområdene; politikk; utenrikspolitikk

Zooplankton in the marginal ice zone off Dronning Maud Land - population structure and trophic relationship - Falk-Petersen, Stig; Lønne, Ole Jørgen (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1992/93; alger; fytoplankton; krill; zooplankton

Shallow seismic investigations and sediment sampling in the Weddell Sea amd Dronning Maud Land - Forsberg, Carl Fredrik; Austin, W E N; Häkkinen, Väinö Ami Juhani; Andersen, Espen Sletten (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1992/93; Weddellhavet; ekspedisjoner; marin geologi; sedimenter; seismologi

Water masses in the southern Weddell Sea - Gammelsrød, Tor; Myking, Steinar; Nøst, Anders; Skagseth, Øystein; Østerhus, Svein (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: NARE 1992/93; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; innlandsis; oseanografi; vannmasser

Mass balance and dynamics on Jutulstraumen ice stream - Hagen, Jon Ove; Melvold, Kjetil (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1992/93; akkumulasjon; glasiologi; isshelf; isstrøm; klimaendringer; snø

Productivity in the southern Weddell Sea in the Austral summer - Hegseth, Else Nøst; Quillfeldt von, Cecilie Hellum; Seim, Bjørnar (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: NARE 1996/97; Sørishavet; alger; fytoplankton; krill

Study of velocity, mass flow and deformation in Jutulstraumen - Høydal, Øyvind Armand (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1992/93; akkumulasjon; glasiologi; isstrøm

Breeding biology and diet of pintado petrels Daption capense at Bouvetøya during the summer of 1996/97 - Huyser, Onno; Dyer, Bruce M; Isaksen, Kjell; Ryan, P; Cooper, J (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 1997)
Pages: [13 s.] Publication Title: Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management Place: Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, San Diego, USA
Keywords: Bouvetøya; ornitologi; petreller; reproduksjon; zoologi

Establishment of a CEMP-monitoring program at Bouvetøya - Isaksen, Kjell; Bakken, Vidar; Gjertz, Ian; Mehlum, Fridtjof (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 1997)
Pages: [9 s.] Publication Title: Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management Place: Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, San Diego, USA
Keywords: Bouvetøya; forskningsstasjoner; overvåking; pingviner; seler; zoologi

Preliminary results from CEMP monitoring of Antarctic fur seals, chinstrap penguins and macaroni penguins at Bouvetøya 1996/97 - Isaksen, Kjell; Hofmeyr, Greg J G; Dyer, Bruce M; Næstvold, Alf; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Gjertz, Ian; Bakken, Vidar; Huyser, Onno (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 1997)
Pages: [26 s.] Publication Title: Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management Place: Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, San Diego, USA
Keywords: Bouvetøya; forskningsstasjoner; overvåking; pingviner; seler; zoologi

Studies of seabirds and seals at Bouvetøya 1996/97 - Isaksen, Kjell; Hofmeyr, Greg; Dyer, Bruce M; Huyser, Onno; Næstvold, Alf (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1996/97; fugler; ornitologi; seler; zoologi

Antarctic waste management handbook - Kankaanpää, Paula; Njåstad, Birgit; Eriksson, Cecilia (Norwegian Polar Institute, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; avfallshåndtering; forskningsstasjoner; miljø

Timing of glacial events in Antarctica - diamond drilling into the glaciomarine sequence of the Weddell Sea continental shelf - Koç, Nalân; Kuvaas, Berit; Kristoffersen, Yngve; Hansen, Erik; Persson, Allan (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: NARE 1996/97; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; glasiologi; kontinentalsokkel; sedimenter; sedimentologi; seismologi

Ice algae and phytoplankton composition in the Weddell Sea: interactions, production and nitrogen uptake - Kristiansen, Svein; Syvertsen, Erik E.; Farbrot, Tove (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: NARE 1992/93; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; alger; fytoplankton

Den tredje mann : beretningen om Hjalmar Johansen - Kvam, Ragnar (Gyldendal, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; Nordmenn; Sydpolsekspedisjonen; biografier; oppdagelsesreiser; polarekspedisjoner; polarhistorie

Sea ice projects during NARE 1992/93 - Løyning, Terje Brinck; Vinje, Torgny (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: NARE 1992/93; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; havis; sjøis

Hval og hvalfangst : temahefte - [Lunde, Stig-Tore] (Sandefjordmuseene, 1997)
Keywords: Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; pelagisk

Mass balance and dynamics on Jutulstraumen ice stream, NARE 1996/97 - Melvold, Kjetil; Hagen, Jon Ove; Laumann, Tron; Rolstad, Cecilie (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1996/97; fysisk geografi; glasiologi; isstrøm

Airborne radar soundings of ice depth, GPS measurements of ice velocity and studies of landform evolution in central Dronning Maud Land East Antarctica - Näslund, Jens Ove (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1996/97; glasiologi; isstrøm; topografi

Environmental aspects - NARE 96/97 - Njåstad, Birgit (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; Antarktistraktaten; NARE 1996/97; miljøvern

Distribution and food consumption of crabeater seals off Dronning Maud Land - Nordøy, Erling S; Blix, Arnoldus Schytte (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1992/93; seler; zoologi

Studies of seals in the Weddel sea and King Haakon VII sea - Nordøy, Erling S; Blix, Arnoldus Schytte (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: NARE 1996/97; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; seler; zoologi

The Antarctic coastal current - physical oceanographic results from NARE 1996/97 - Nøst, Ole Anders; Lothe, Torleif (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: NARE 1996/97; Sørishavet; oseanografi

Anatomy and microbiology of the digestive tract of the Adelie penguin - Olsen, Monica Alterskjær; Mathiesen, Svein Disch (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1996/97; biologi; pingviner; zoologi

Sandefjords historie - Olstad, Finn (Sandefjord kommune, 1997)
Keywords: Nordmenn; Norge; Sørishavet; Vestfold; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri

Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93 - Orheim, Olav (ed.) (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1997)
Publication Title: Meddelelser
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1992/93; ekspedisjoner; geofysikk; geologi; glasiologi; marin biologi; marin geologi; ornitologi; oseanografi; topografi

Hot water drilling near Filchner station, Ronne ice shelf - Orheim, Olav; Østerhus, Svein; Melvold, Kjetil; Eiken, Trond; Thomsen, Henrik Højmark; Winther, Jan-Gunnar; Bævre, Halvor (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1992/93; glasiologi; havstrømmer; isshelf; oseanografi; vannmasser

Alene over Antarktis - Ousland, Børge ([B. Ousland], 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; ekspedisjoner; reiser; reiseskildringer; skiekspedisjoner

Ice algae and phytoplankton composition in the Weddell Sea: interactions with different environmental factors - Quillfeldt von, Cecilie Hellum (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: NARE 1992/93; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; alger; fytoplankton

Spatial distribution of snow in western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, mapped by a ground-based snow radar - Richardson, Cecilia; Aarholt, Eldar; Hamran, Svein-Erik; Holmlund, Per; Isaksson, Elisabeth (Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1997)
During the austral summer 1993/1994, the spatial distribution of snow was mapped by a ground-based snow radar (800–2300 MHz) in western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Snow radar soundings were performed along continuous profiles extending from the ice shelf up to the polar plateau, a total distance of 1040 km. The high-resolution radar registrations revealed subsurface layering in the uppermost 12 m of the snowpack. The travel time record was translated into snow accumulation expressed in water equivalents, based on an empirical relationship between wave speed and firn density. A good knowledge on snow density variations with depth is essential for the variability studies. Generally, the snow layering was well developed in the coastal area and less well developed on the polar plateau. High spatial variability in snow accumulation was observed on a regional as well as on a local scale. The variability was very high in areas with large surface slopes, such as the grounding zone and around nunataks. The highest variability was recorded in the nunatak area, where the standard deviation reached 59% of the spatial average accumulation. On the smooth high-altitude plateau, variations in accumulation were less pronounced. However, here the standard deviation exceeded 22% of the average accumulation rate. Provided that the snow radar soundings are supported by dating of reference horizons along the travel route, this is a good method to obtain the accumulation rate and pattern for large areas with a high spatial resolution.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; fysisk geografi; geofysikk; geokjemi; glasiologi; iskjerner

Hvalfangstbase og kulturminne, Hektor Hvalfangststasjon : den sørligste av de norske landstasjonene i Antarktis - Rossnes, Gustav (Norsk sjøfartsmuseum. Årsberetning, 1997)
Publisher: Museet Place: Oslo
Keywords: Antarktis; Deceptionøya; Norge; fangststasjoner; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; hvalfangststasjoner

Convergent flow of ice within the Astrolabe subglacial basin, Terre Adélie, East Antarctica: an hypothesis derived from numerical modelling experiments - Siegert, Martin J; Glasser, Neil F (Polar Research, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; geologi; geomorfologi; glasiologi; innlandsis; subglasial innsjø

Changing mass balance of the Filchner ice shelf due to climate variations - Solås, Monica Kristensen; Eggenfellner, Heinrich (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1996/97; glasiologi; isshelf; klimaendringer

Size-Dependent Variation in Reproductive Success of a Long-Lived Seabird, the Antarctic Petrel (Thalassoica Antarctica) - Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Tveraa, Torkild; Andersen, Reidar; Pedersen, Hans Christian (The Auk, 1997)
We examined how variation in parental quality influences the reproductive success of a long-lived seabird, the Antarctic Petrel (Thalassoica antarctica). In particular, we focused on how quality of parents can interact with and influence the effects of stochastic variation in the environment due to varying climatic conditions. Large annual variation was found in reproductive success. However, body mass of individual chicks at the end and be ginning of the nestling period was strongly correlated in two of the study years, suggesting consistent variation among parents in their ability to feed offspring. Furthermore, chick mass was related both to overall body size and to body mass of their parents. Short brooding-shift intervals also were important for growth and survival of chicks. The probability of chick survival to the age of 30 days (ca. two weeks before fledging) was strongly correlated with chick mass when the chick was left unattended. However, the relative importance of different parental characteristics differed between years. These results show that reproductive success of the Antarctic Petrel is influenced by stochastic variation in the environment, probably re lated to climatic conditions. Effects of this stochastic variation may depend on body mass and/ or body condition of the parents.
Full-text: https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v114n03/p0333-p0340.pdf
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; NARE 1991/92; NARE 1992/93; fugler; ornitologi; petreller; zoologi

Selvhevdelse og altruisme i Antarktis - Tamnes, Rolf (Oljealder : 1965-1995, 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; Norge; utenrikspolitikk

A stable isotope pilot study from blue ice areas at Jutulsessen, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Thomsen, Henrik Højmark; Hagen, Jon Ove (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1992/93; glasiologi; innlandsis; isbre; klimaendringer

Rondespiret - Tollefsen, Ivar; Sand, Vebjørn (Orion forl., 1997)
Keywords: Antarktis; Sydpolen; ekspedisjoner; fjellklatring; klatreekspedisjoner; malerkunst

Regulation of foraging trips and costs of incubation shifts in the Antarctic petrel (Thalassoica antarctica) - Tveraa, Torkild; Lorensten, Svein-Håkon; Sæther, Bernt-Erik (Behavioral Ecology, 1997)
In species where incubation is shared by both parents, the mate's ability to fast on the nest may constrain the time available for foraging. The decision to return to the nest should therefore be a compromise between an animal's own foraging success and its mate's ability to fast on the nest. To examine how the body conditions of incubating Antarctic petrels, Thalassoica antarctica, influence both the length of foraging trips and incubation shifts, we experimentally handicapped females by increasing their flight costs during a foraging trip by adding lead weights to their legs. Handicapped females spent more time at sea and had lower body conditions at arrival to the colony than controls, and, moreover, females in poor body condition at arrival to the colony spent generally more time at sea than those with higher body condition. The prolonged time period spent at sea by handicapped females was associated with higher desertion rates than among controls. The time the incubating mates fasted increased with their body condition at arrival to the colony, suggesting that a high body condition of the incubating bird may reduce the probability of nest desertion. Accordingly, our results suggest that the time spent foraging is adjusted to the body conditions of both the foraging and incubating mate.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; fugler; ornitologi; petreller; zoologi; økologi

Seabird research at Svarthamaren during NARE 1996-1997 - Tveraa, Torkild; Røv, Nils; Aanes, Ronny; Jensen, Henrik (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1996/97; fugler; ornitologi; petreller

Spatial and temporal variation of sublimation on Antarctica: Results of a high-resolution general circulation model - van den Broeke, Michiel R. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1997)
In this paper we use output of a high-resolution general circulation model (ECHAM-3 T106, resolution 1.1°?1.1°) to study the spatial and temporal variation of sublimation on Antarctica. First, we compare model results with available observations of sublimation rates. The yearly cycle, with small latent heat fluxes during the winter, is well reproduced, and the agreement with sparsely available spot observations is fair. The model results suggest that a significant 10?15% of the annual precipitation over Antarctica is lost through sublimation and that sublimation plays an important role in the formation of blue ice areas. A preliminary analysis of the atmospheric boundary layer moisture budget shows that the spatial variation of sublimation in the coastal zone of East Antarctica can be explained by variations of horizontal advection of dry air. Dry air advection, and thus surface sublimation, is enhanced in areas where katabatic winds are strong and have a large downslope component and where the Antarctic topography drops suddenly from the plateau to the coastal zone. In areas where horizontal advection is small, like the plateau and the large ice shelves, special conditions must be met to make significant sublimation at the surface possible.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Keywords: Antarktis; atmosfæren; geofysikk; meteorologi

Spectral reflectance of snow and glacier ice as measured in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Winther, Jan-Gunnar (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1992/93, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1992/93; glasiologi; isbre

Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97 - Winther, Jan-Gunnar (ed.) (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1997)
Publication Title: Meddelelser
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1996/97; biologi; geodesi; geologi; glasiologi; oseanografi

Epica Dronning Maud Land pre site survey 1996/97 - Winther, Jan-Gunnar; Broeke van den, Michiel R.; Conrads, Louk; Eiken, Trond; Hurlen, Robert; Johnsrud, Georg; Karlöf, Lars; Onarheim, Stig; Richardson, Cecilia; Schorno, Raymond (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1996/97; akkumulasjon; innlandsis; is radar; meteorologi; snø radar; topografi

Studies and monitoring of climate-sensitive melt areas in Jutulgryta - Winther, Jan-Gunnar; Liston, Glen E; Bruland, Oddbjørn; Elvehøy, Hallgeir; Sand, Knut (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1996/97, 1997)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1996/97; hydrologi; klima; meteorologi

Cold resistance and metabolic activity of lichens below 0°C - Kappen, Ludger; Schroeter, Burkhard; Scheidegger, Christoph; Sommerkorn, Martin; Hestmark, Geir (Proceedings of the F3.1, F3.4, F2.4 and F3.8 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, 1996)
Laboratory measurements show that lichens are extremely tolerant of freezing stress and of low-temperature exposure. Metabolic activity recovered quickly after severe and extended cold treatment. Experimental results demonstrate also that CO2 exchange is already active at around −20°C. The psychrophilic character of polar lichen species is demonstrated by optimum temperatures for net photosynthesis between 0 and 15°C. In situ measurements show that lichens begin photosynthesizing below 0°C if the dry thalli receive fresh snow. The lowest temperature measured in active lichens was −17°C at a continental Antarctic site. The fine structure and the hydration state of photobiont and mycobiont cells were studied by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) of frozen hydrated specimens. Water potentials of the frozen system are in the range of or even higher than those allowing dry lichens to start photosynthesis by water vapor uptake at +10°C. The great success of lichens in polar and high alpine regions gives evidence of their physiological adaptation to low temperatures. In general lichens are able to persist through glacial periods, but extended snow cover and glaciation are limiting factors.
Keywords: Antarktis; botanikk; frostresistens; lav; planter; polarområdene

Ahlmannryggen: Maudheimvidda (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1996)
Pages: Blad/Sheet G5S Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Jutulstraumen: Maudheimvidda (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1996)
Pages: Blad/Sheet G6S Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Effects of Egg Size and Parental Quality on Early Nestling Growth: An Experiment with the Antarctic Petrel - Amundsen, Trond; Lorentsen, Svein-Hakon; Tveraa, Torkild (Journal of Animal Ecology, 1996)
A large number of studies have reported a positive relationship between the egg size of birds and the subsequent growth and/or survival of nestlings, but such effects may partly be due to confounding variables, e.g. parental quality. In order to evaluate the potential effects of egg size, and of parental quality, on early nestling growth in the Antarctic petrel, we performed an experiment in which eggs of different size were swapped between nests. 2. From a sample of 300 nests with eggs of known size, we selected eggs belonging to the lower quartile (small eggs), and those belonging to the upper quartile (large eggs), with respect to volume. Half of the small eggs were exchanged with small eggs from other nests, and the other half with large eggs. A similar procedure was used for large eggs. Growth and survival of the nestlings were recorded until 12 days old. 3. Hatching success was positively related to egg size. 4. Egg size influenced nestling body mass until the age of 3 days, and tarsus length was affected until 12 days old. However, these effects were not due to an effect of egg size on growth rates, but reflected instead the influence of egg size on hatchling size. 5. In contrast to most previous studies, we found no effect of parental quality (as reflected in the size of own eggs) on foster nestling size or growth until 12 days old. This could be because egg size does not reliably reflect parental quality in the species, or because parental effects become evident only at later nestling stages. 6. We discuss why egg size variation is maintained in this and other species where egg size influences parental fitness through the survival of eggs or nestlings.
Publisher: [Wiley, British Ecological Society]
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; fugler; ornitologi; petreller; zoologi; økologi

Lack of population subdivision among the minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from Icelandic and Norwegian waters based on mitochondrial DNA sequences - Bakke, Ingrid; Johansen, Steinar; Bakke, [Øyvind]; El-Gewely, Mohamed Raafat (Marine Biology, 1996)
The minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) is subject to commercial whaling, but stock identification and assessment are still uncertain. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were determined to examine the population structure of minke whales from the central and northeastern parts of the North Atlantic, as well as the Antarctic regions IV and V. The analyses include 345 nucleotide positions of the control region of 110 individuals, and 250 nucleotide positions of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene for a representative selection of North Atlantic minke whales. Maximum parsimony analyses and sequence divergence calculations did not reveal any genetic differentiation between individuals from the central and northeastern parts of the North Atlantic. These results do not support the International Whaling Commission's separation of minke whales in this area into different management units, and they are in conflict with previously reported results from allozyme analyses. Comparison of minke whale control region sequences showed that the sequence diversity of North Atlantic minke whales is substantially lower (0.0065) than that of Antarctic minke whales (0.0166), and clearly demonstrated that individuals from these two areas represent genetically distinct populations.
Keywords: Sørishavet; bioteknologi; genetikk; hvaler; marin biologi; polarområdene

Geodetic measurements at Vestfjella and Heimefrontfjella - Barstad, Bjørn; Luktvasslimo, Brit Åse (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1993/94, 1996)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1993/94; ekspedisjoner; geodesi; satellittbilder; topografi

Territoriell ekspansjonspolitikk - Fure, Odd-Bjørn (Mellomkrigstid : 1920-1940, 1996)
Keywords: Antarktis; Norge; historie; internasjonal; norske ekspedisjoner; polarområdene; politikk; utenrikspolitikk

A century of accumulation and temperature changes in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Isaksson, Elisabeth; Karlén, Wibjörn; Gundestrup, Niels; Mayewski, Paul; Whitlow, Sallie; Twickler, Mark (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1996)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; akkumulasjon; klima; målinger; snø; temperatur

Dagbok fra Sydpolen - Johansen, Hjalmar (Vågemot forl., 1996)
Publication Title: Sydpol-serien
Keywords: Antarktis; Fram (skip); Sydpolen; Sydpolsekspedisjonen; dagbøker; oppdagelsesreiser; polarområdene

Antarctic krill Thysanoessa macrura fills a major gap in marine lipogenic pathways - Kattner, Gerhard; Hagen, Wilhelm; Falk-Petersen, Stig; Sargent, John R.; Henderson R. James (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1996)
The unique predominance of oleyl alcohols (18:1) is the striking characteristic of the lipids of the Antarctic euphausiid Thysanoessa macrura. The 2 isomers 18:1(n-9) and 18:1(n-7) occurred in similar proportions in the wax esters of T. macrura and comprised up to 80% of the total fatty alcohols. The remainder consisted mostly of the 20:1(n-9) alcohol along with small amounts of the 22:1(n-11) alcohol. No marine zooplankton species has previously been reported which produces wax esters with significant amounts of 18 carbon fatty alcohols. T. macrura specimens were collected in the high Antarctic Weddell Sea during autumn 1992 and summer 1993. Their lipid levels were high, about 40 to 50% of the dry mass with up to 70% of the total lipid as wax esters. The wax ester fatty acids were dominated by the saturates 14:0 and 16:0, which, along with the monounsaturate 18:1(n-9), accounted for more than 80% of the total fatty acids. Phospholipids contained high levels of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:5 and 22:6) typical of membrane lipids from marine zooplankton. The precise significance of the unique wax ester composition in T. macrura is not clear but this discovery underscores the biochemical adaptability of Antarctic zooplankton species to a constantly cold and highly seasonal polar environment.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; biokjemi; dyreplankton; hoppekreps; krill; marin biologi; zooplankton; økologi

Regulation of Food Provisioning in the Antarctic Petrel Thalassoica antarctica - Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon (Journal of Animal Ecology, 1996)
1. Life-history theory predicts that individual birds should invest in reproduction according to their current body condition and the future prospects for survival and reproduction. Thus, it could be expected that current adult body condition should significantly influence food provisioning rates, food loads and concurrent chick growth in the Antarctic petrel. 2. In order to study the significance of parental body condition I correlated meal sizes, feeding frequencies and chick growth with the body condition of the parents. 3. There was a strong correlation between the average meal size delivered to a chick and its growth rate. Adult body condition at the time of hatching was strongly correlated with the average size of meals delivered to individual chicks. Male and female body condition at the time of hatching and average body condition of the pair at the first incubation shift and at hatching significantly influenced the body mass of the chick on day 30. Male body condition and the average body condition of the pair correlated significantly with the growth rate of the chick. 4. The difference in body mass at the age of 30 days of chicks from parents with good body condition compared with chicks from parents with poorer body condition was nearly double that expected. 5. The results strongly suggest that the effort spent during the chick-rearing period, and thus reproductive success, is regulated by the body condition of the parents.
Publisher: [Wiley, British Ecological Society]
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1991/92; fugler; ornitologi; petreller; zoologi

Seabird research at Svarthamaren during NARE 1993/94 - Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Amundsen, Trond; Røv, Nils; Tveraa, Torkild (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1993/94, 1996)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1993/94; fugler; ornitologi

Mass balance and dynamics on Jutulstraumen ice stream during NARE 1993/94 - Melvold, Kjetil; Hagen, Jon Ove; Laumann, Tron; Tonning, Tore (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1993/94, 1996)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1993/94; glasiologi; isstrøm

Modelling the ocean response to secular surface temperature transitions - Mork, K. A.; Skagseth, Øystein (Climate Dynamics, 1996)
The ocean response to surface temperature transients is simulated with the use of the Hamburg large-scale geostrophic (LSG) ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The transition, from the present to a climate corresponding to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 content, is compared with the reversed transition. For the Atlantic, the time scale for the deep ocean to adjust to the temperature changes was similar for both transitions. In the Pacific, the time scale is shorter for the present to warm transition than for the reverse case, a result of increased production of Antarctic bottom water (AABW) during the warm climate. While the transition from cold to warm climate shows no secular variability, the reversed transition generates considerable variability on time scales of 300–400 years. For the warm climate, oscillations with periods of 45 years are found in the Southern Ocean. Results of principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis indicate that these oscillations are due to interaction between convection in the Southern Ocean and advected salinity anomalies in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the Southern Pacific Ocean.
Fulltext: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225411625_Modelling_the_ocean_response_to_secular_surface_temperature_transitions
Keywords: AABW; Sørishavet; Sørishavsstrømmen; geofysikk; havstrømmer; oseanografi; vannmasser

Anhydrobiosis and cold tolerance in tardigrades - Sømme, Lauritz (European Journal of Entomology, 1996)
A review of the literature regarding anhydrobiosis and cold tolerance in tardigrades is presented. During increasing desiccation, invertebrates like tardigrades, rotifers, nematodes and some collembolans are able to shut down metabolism to undetectable levels. When tardigrades are entering anhydrobiosis, a tun-like structure is formed, facilitated by structural adaptations of the cuticle. Slow dehydration is essential for tun formation, and the accumulation of trehalose during this process may help to stabilize phospholipids and proteins. Wax extrusion on the cuticle surface reduces transpiration. A fraction of 5-15% of the initial body water is retained during anhydrobiosis. Tardigrades are principally aquatic organisms, but anhydrobiosis makes it possible for some species to live in habitats with changing moisture conditions. Tardigrades in anhydrobiosis may tolerate exposure to freezing temperatures of liquid gases, and some species also survive such temperatures in their hydrated state. Few investigations are available on the relation of tardigrades to temperatures more representative to their natural environments. Experimental studies, however, from Greenland and the Antarctic Continent suggest that some species overwinter both in a hydrated frozen state and in anhydrobiosis. During the summer, a number of tardigrade species have been recorded from cryoconite holes, formed on the surface of glaciers. These species are freeze tolerant since their habitats are permanently frozen during the winter.
Keywords: Antarktis; Dronning Maud Land; biomonitorering; bjørnedyr; entomologi; kuldetoleranse; polarområdene; virvelløse dyr

Effects of UV radiation on post-bloom phytoplankton populations in Kvalsund, North Norway - Walter Helbling, E.; Eilertsen, Hans Chr.; Villafañe, Virginia E.; Holm-Hansen, Osmund (Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 1996)
Our studies in the coastal waters in North Norway show that rates of photosynthesis of natural phytoplankton assemblages are strongly inhibited by solar UV radiation. When exposed to high irradiances of direct solar radiation, photosynthetic rates were increased by approximately 150% when all UV radiation was excluded from samples, with UVB radiation being responsible for approximately 50% of the total inhibition. There was no discernible threshold value for inhibition of photosynthesis by UV radiation, even at UV (280–400 nm) irradiances as low as 0.1 W m−2. When natural assemblages were incubated in situ, inhibition of photosynthetic rates were detectable down to 10 m, where solar irradiance was about 3% of the radiation incident on the sea surface. Based on the inhibition of photosynthetic rates at very low fluences of UV radiation, post-bloom assemblages of phytoplankton in North Norway and possibly also in the Arctic ocean appear to be more sensitive to solar UV radiation than phytoplankton from the Southern Ocean.
Keywords: Sørishavet; fotosyntese; fytoplankton; marin biologi; polarområdene; ultrafiolett stråling

Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1993/94 - Winther, Jan-Gunnar (ed.) (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1996)
Publication Title: Meddelelser
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1993/94; geodesi; glasiologi; ornitologi

Glaciological measurements at Jutulgryta - Winther, Jan-Gunnar; Sand, Knut; Elvehøy, Hallgeir; Bøggild, Carl Egede (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1993/94, 1996)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1993/94; glasiologi

Egg Size and Early Nestling Growth in the Snow Petrel - Amundsen, Trond (The Condor, 1995)
I studied egg size variation, and the influence of egg size on early nestling growth, in Snow Petrels Pagodroma nivea breeding at Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (71 degrees 53'S, 5 degrees 10'E). Egg sizes ranged from 36.4 to 52.1 cm(3), with a mean of 44.9 cm(3). Hatching occurred during 16-24 January, with a median hatching date of 20 January. Egg size had a significant effect on the body mass of hatchlings, explaining 30% of the variation in body mass of nestlings hatched within the last 24 hr, and 58% of the body mass variation of nestlings weighed while still slightly wet. An experiment, which included swapping of eggs between nests, together with analyses of non-manipulated nests, revealed an effect of egg size on nestling body masses at ages of two and four days. From the experiment, no effect of maternal quality as expressed by her egg size could be found. At an age of four days, 40% of the nestlings were left alone in the nest by their parents. Nestlings not attended by a parent at this age were significantly lighter than were those with parental company. Parents that had left their young by the time these were four days old may have been poor quality birds, as indicated by the tendency for such birds to have laid smaller eggs than had those still tending their young at the same nestling age.
Publisher: American Ornithological Society
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; fugler; ornitologi; petreller; zoologi; økologi

Regulation of parental investment in the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica: an exchange experiment - Andersen, Reidar; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Pedersen, Hans Christian (Polar Biology, 1995)
An experiment was conducted on the Antarctic petrel to test whether the parents were able to respond to changes in food demand of their offspring. Two experimental groups were formed by replacing eight 20-day-old chicks with 10-day-old chicks, and vice versa. The growth rate of chicks in the experimental groups was compared with that in two control groups with chicks of known age. The growth rate of 10-day-old chicks in the nests of parents which initially had 20-day-old chicks did not differ significantly from that in their respective control groups. This indicates that those parents were able to raise a new young nestling, despite having already raised another chick from hatching to 20 days. However, the 20-day-old chicks placed in nests with 10-day-old chicks had a significantly lower growth rate than their control group. Feeding rate per day and nest did not differ significantly among any of the groups. This suggests that the observed difference in growth rate between 20-day-old chicks is related to a lower amount of food delivered per visit to experimental chicks. Thus, in the Antarctic petrel, the feeding rate apparently is not regulated by the status of the chick, but by the parents' ability to gather food or willingness to provide food for the chicks.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; fugler; ornitologi; petreller; zoologi

Snille piker går ikke til Sydpolen - Arnesen, Liv (Damm, 1995)
Keywords: Antarktis; Sydpolen; ekspedisjoner; polarekspedisjoner; reiseskildringer

Norges polare interesser - Berg, Roald (Norge på egen hånd, 1995)
Keywords: Antarktis; Norge; historie; polarområdene; utenrikspolitikk

Hvalen – ressurs og politikk – Historisk overblikk - Fløistad, Brit (Vestfoldminne, 1995)
Publisher: Museumsforlaget
Keywords: Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; pelagisk

Using multiple data sources to enhance photogrammetry for mapping Antarctic terrain - Fox, Adrian J (Polar Research, 1995)
Keywords: Antarktis; flyfoto; geografi; kartlegging; luftfoto; satellittbilder

Cato mot Sydpolen - Hauge, Odd Harald; Bry, Knut; Ebbesen, Lars (Pax, 1995)
Keywords: Antarktis; Nordmenn; Sydpolen; ekspedisjoner; fotokunst; funksjonshemmede; oppdagelsesreiser; polarekspedisjoner; reiser; reiseskildringer

Incubation and brooding performance of the Antarctic Petrel Thalassoica antarctica at Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land - Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Røv, Nils (Ibis, 1995)
Antarctic Petrel Thalassoica antarctica incubation and brooding effort was studied at Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land, during the austral summer of 1991-1992. The females probably left the nest site shortly after egg laying. The duration of incubation and brooding shifts as well as the daily weight loss (absolute and proportionate) were comparable with those of other similar-sized procellariform species. Males spent more time incubating and brooding than did females, suggesting higher female energy stress due to egg laying, Incubating birds which were below average weight were likely to desert the nests before their mates returned from feeding trips. Both males and females lost approximately one-fifth of their body-weight during their first incubation shifts. Nevertheless, they increased their initial weights from egg laying to hatching and had their highest initial weights when they returned to start the shift during which the egg hatched. No factors related to adult body-weight explained the duration of the incubation shifts, Both males and females gained weight at a higher rate when at sea than they lost it during incubation, and it is suggested that factors unrelated to food availability or individual feeding skills may be important in regulating the duration of the incubation shifts and the stay at sea.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1991/92; fugler; ornitologi; petreller; zoologi

Immune responses during an antarctic summer - Lugg, Desmond J.; Ursin, Holger; Donovan, Kevin; Konrad Muller, H.; Quinn, Dennis (Pathology, 1995)
The immune status of 29 members of the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) was investigated before, during, and after a 56 day summer voyage to Antarctica and correlated with psychological and physiological parameters. All subjects were healthy. Expedition personnel demonstrated decreased cell mediated immune responses (CMI) assessed by the CMI Multi-test; 21% were hypoergic. The major associated observation was a significant negative correlation with anxiety in Antarctica. However, perceived anxiety was greater before and after the voyage. No significant changes were found in T and B lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin and complement components and cutaneous blood flow, nor was there any clinical evidence of illness. Of the hormones examined only cortisol was low predeparture which may reflect increased perceived anxiety at that time. Changes in immune control mechanism were apparent as shown by reduced CMI responses and lowered tetanus antibody levels. Stress factors are postulated to induce depression of the immune response in Antarctica. The association with anxiety suggests that brain peptides or associated cytokines may have a role in mediating these immune events. Such alterations in immune status have implications for health management in isolated and extreme conditions.
Keywords: Antarktis; fysiologi; immunologi; psykologi

Forskrift om vern av miljøet i Antarktis - Miljøverndepartementet (1995)
Publisher: Lovdata Place: Oslo
Keywords: Antarktis; jus; miljøvern

Distribution and diving behaviour of crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) off Queen Maud Land - Nordøy, Erling S.; Folkow, Lars; Blix, Arnoldus Schytte (Polar Biology, 1995)
Eight crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) (three females, five males), ranging in body mass between 125 and 220 kg, were captured off Queen Maud Land (70-72 degrees S, 7-16 degrees W) during the last week of February, just after moulting, and tagged with Argos satellite-linked dive recorders to provide data on location and diving depth and duration. During the first few weeks of March the seals were moving in the pack ice along the continental shelf edge, close to the coast of Queen Maud Land. In April and May, when the pack ice extended northwards, most of the seals moved north, one reaching 63 degrees S in late May. In the first half of June the two remaining seals turned south and moved back deep into the pack ice. The seals made about 150 dives per day each throughout the study period. Ninety percent of these were made to depths of less than 52 m. Individual maximum diving depths varied between 288 and 528 m. In March the seals were most active at night, when the dive depth was shallower than during the day. In April and May the seals were more active during day-time, with an absence of any diurnal change in diving depth. These results support the notion that crabeater seals predominantly feed on krill in Antarctic pack ice, even when winter returns to the waters off Queen Maud Land.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; biodiversitet; marin biologi; seler; telemetri; zoologi; økologi

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans and Coplanar Biphenyls in Antarctic Fur Seal Blubber - Oehme, Michael; Schlabach, Martin; Boyd, Ian (Ambio, 1995)
Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) as well as of coplanar (non-ortho substituted) polychlorinated biphenyls (CB-77, CB-126 and CB-169) have been determined in 11 fur-seal blubber samples from female Antarctic fur seals. Measurable PCDD/PCDF concentrations averaging 2 ppt TEQ (Nordic model) were found. This is considerably less than in Arctic seals. In addition, the PCDD/PCDF congener patterns differed between Antarctic and Arctic seals. The levels of CB-77, CB-126 and CB-169 (8.5-41 pg g-1 for single congeners in average) in Antarctic fur seals were also much lower than in Arctic ringed and harp seals. A possible explanation of these differences is the overall lower environmental pollution of the Southern Hemisphere, though an influence of different age and sex distributions cannot be excluded. The data passed all quality assurance criteria that had been established for such low levels.
Publisher: [Springer, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]
Keywords: Antarktis; forurensning; marin biologi; miljøgifter; pinnipedier; polarområdene; seler

Åpning av Foyn-seminaret 23.januar 1995 - Olsen, Jan Henry T (Vestfoldminne, 1995)
Publisher: Vestfoldmuseene
Keywords: Den internasjonale hvalfangstkommisjonen; Norge; Svend Foyn; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; hvalfangstkvotene; pelagisk

Variability in nutrient concentrations around Elephant Island, Antarctica, during 1991-1993 - Silva S, Nelson; Helbling, E Walter; Villafañe, Virginia; Amos, Anthony F; Holm-Hansen, Osmund (Polar Research, 1995)
Keywords: Elefantøya; Sørishavet; næringsstoffer; vannmasser

Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments - Sømme, Lauritz (Springer-Verlag, 1995)
Keywords: Antarktis; forskning; kuldetoleranse; virvelløse dyr

Cold tolerance in Tardigrada from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Sømme, Lauritz; Meier, Terje (Polar Biology, 1995)
Survival at low temperatures was studied in three species of Tardigrada from Muhlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Both hydrated and dehydrated specimens of Echiniscus jenningsi, Macrobiotus furciger and Diphascon chilenense had high survival rates following exposure to -22 degrees C for ca. 600 days, and dehydrated specimens following 3040 days at this temperature. In hydrated E. jenningsi, mortality increased with the duration of exposure from 7 to 150 days at -80 degrees C, while mortalities of the two other species did not change. Hydrated specimens of all species were rapidly killed at -180 degrees C, but all species exhibited good survivorship in the dehydrated state after 14 days at -180 degrees C. In conclusion, hydrated tardigrades are able to survive extended periods at low temperatures, and dehydrated specimens are even better adapted to survive overwintering on Antarctic nunataks.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; biologi; biomonitorering; bjørnedyr; kuldetoleranse; virvelløse dyr

Modelling of Deep-Sea Gravity Currents Using an Integrated Plume Model - Alendal, Guttorm; Drange, Helge; Haugan, Peter M (The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, 1994)
An integrated plume model is used to describe large scale gravity currents in the ocean. The model describes competing effects of (negative) buoyancy, friction, entrainment and Cariolis farce, as well as a pressure term due to variable plume thickness, on the flux, speed and flow direction of the plume. Equations for conservation of salt and internal energy (temperature) and a full equation of state far seawater is included in the model. The entrainment of ambient water is parameterized with support in empirical data, and a drag coefficient consistent with the entrainment is introduced. The model is tested against the overflow through the Denmark Strait, the flow down the Weddell Sea continental slope, and the outflow of saline water through the Gibraltar Strait and from the Spencer Gulf, Australia. The farmer gain an extra driving mechanism due to the thermobaric effect, while in the two latter cases the initial density difference is so large that this effect is not essential. Order of magnitude fit with measurements requires drag coefficient between 0.01 and 0.1. Conditions susceptible to meander behaviour and a singularity arising from the pressure dependency on the current thickness variations are briefly discussed.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; havbunnen; havstrømmer; klimamodeller; oseanografi

Norske offentlige samlinger med kulturhistorisk polarmateriale - Barr, Susan (Norsk polarinstitutt, 1994)
Publication Title: Meddelelser
Keywords: Antarktis; polarforskning; polarhistorie; polarområdene; polarsamlinger

Detailed studies of bottom freezing under an iceshelf and mapping of accumulation by use of multi-frequency pulse-aperture radar - Erlingsson, Bjørn; Gjessing, Yngvar; Hamran, Svein Erik; Holmlund, Per (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1991/92, 1994)
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1991/92; ekspedisjoner; georadar; isshelf; topografi

Antarktis: verdens siste villmark - Fothergill, Alastair (Cappelen, 1994)
Keywords: Antarktis; Sørishavet; biologi; natur

Chemical fractionation of sea salt in snow - Gjessing, Yngvar; Erlingsson, Bjørn (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1991/92, 1994)
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1991/92; kjemisk; sjøvann; snø

Synedropsis gen. nov., a genus of araphid diatoms associated with sea ice - Hasle, Grethe Rytter; Medlin, Linda K.; Syvertsen, Erik E. (Phycologia, 1994)
A new araphid diatom genus, Synedropsis Hasle, Medlin et Syvertsen, is described from sea ice. The generitype, Synedropsis hyperborea (Grunow) Hasle, Medlin et Syvertsen from the Arctic, was first described as a species of Synedra, as was the antarctic Synedropsis fragilis (Manguin) Hasle, Syvertsen et Medlin. A second antarctic species of Synedropsis is a new combination of Cymatosira laevis Heiden in Heiden & Kolbe. In addition four new taxa, S. hyperboreoides Hasle, Syvertsen et Medlin, S. recta Hasle, Medlin et Syvertsen, S. lata Hasle, Medlin et Syvertsen and S. lata var. angustata Hasle, Medlin et Syvertsen are described from the Antarctic. The valve wall is laminar with uniseriate, often poorly developed striae and a wide sternum. Each valve possesses apical fields composed of slits. A labiate process is positioned near one apical slit field. The valve outline for most species exhibits considerable stadial variation. The girdle has several bands, most with one row of poroids close to the pars interior. Thus Synedropsis is closely related to the marine Fragilaria striatula Lyngbye except in the structure of the apical fields and the number of bands. Species observed in uncleaned material appeared in stellate or, more seldom, ribbon-shaped colonies. Synedropsis hyperborea is a common epiphyte on the ice-associated Melosira arctica Dickie in the Arctic. The antarctic species were found mainly in the bottom ice community, S. fragilis as an epiphyte on other diatoms.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Keywords: Rosshavet; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; botanikk; diatomeer; havis; kiselalger; marin biologi; plankton

Spatial and temporal patterns in snow accumulation, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Isaksson, Elisabeth; Karlén, Wibjörn (Journal of Glaciology, 1994)
During the Swedish Antarctic Expedition to Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, 1988–89 the net accumulation was estimated for an area from the coast to about 400 km inland. Stake measurements were used to obtain the spatial variability and firn cores were used for the temporal variability. The mean annual accumulation for the period 1976–88 is about 0.4mw.e. for Riiser-Larsenisen and about 0.3mw.e. for the area above the grounding line. The accumulation rate at higher altitudes, > 2500 m a.s.1., is about 0.1 m w.e. for 1955–88. One record from the ice shelf covers the period 1957–88, and suggests an increase in accumulation of about 12%. Between 1976 and 1988, the accumulation has decreased by about 50%, most likely due to lower temperatures as suggested by the temperature record from Halley.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; glasiologi

Sex determination of Antarctic Petrels Thalassoica antarctica by discriminant analysis of morphometric characters - Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Røv, Nils (Polar Biology, 1994)
We present data on sexual dimorphism in some morphological measurements (wing length, head length, bill depth and bill length) in the Antarctic Petrel Thalassoica antarctica. Males were on average larger than females for all measurements. Sexual dimorphism was on average largest for bill depths whereas wing lengths discriminated least between the sexes. A discriminant function including bill depth, head length and wing length correctly sexed 92% of the sample. Due to between-measurer variation it is recommended that morphometric measurements obtained by others on sexed birds are compared with ours before proceeding with the use of the discriminant function on unsexed individuals.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1991/92; biodiversitet; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi; økologi

A model of ice shelf-ocean interaction with application to the Filchner-Ronne and Ross Ice Shelves - Nøst, Ole Anders; Foldvik, Arne (Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1994)
A simple analytical model has been developed to study the formation of Ice Shelf Water (ISW). ISW is assumed to flow as a buoyancy-driven layer underneath the ice shelf. A relation between potential temperature and salinity in the ISW layer is calculated from the mass and energy balance. This temperature-salinity relation is shown to depend only on the temperature and the salinity of the source water mass and to be practically independent of entrainment and melt rates. The model results are obtained without making any assumptions about entrainment and melt rates. The model is in good agreement with observations under the Ronne Ice Shelf, and it indicates that ISW in the Filchner Depression is formed from Western Shelf Water (WSW) with salinity higher than 34.75 practical salinity units. Such high-salinity water is only observed in the Ronne Depression in the western part of the continental shelf. This implies a circulation of WSW, under the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, from the Ronne Depression into the Filchner Depression. Similarly, the model shows that the ISW observed under J9 at the Ross Ice Shelf has been formed from Low Salinity Shelf Water (LSSW) from the eastern parts of the Ross Sea continental shelf. LSSW must therefore circulate under the eastern parts of the Ross Ice Shelf.
Keywords: Antarktis; geofysikk; isshelf; kontinentalsokkel; oseanografi

Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1991/1992 - Østerhus, Svein (ed.) (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1994)
Publication Title: Meddelelser
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1991/92; fugler; geologi; glasiologi; ornitologi; oseanografi

Oceanographic and glaciologic investigations through Jutulgryta, Fimbulisen in the 1991/92 season - Østerhus, Svein; Orheim, Olav (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1991/92, 1994)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1991/92; glasiologi; oseanografi

Occurrence of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda) in fish from the Southeastern Weddell Sea (Antarctic) - Palm, Harry; Andersen, Karin; Klöser, Heinz; Plötz, Joachim (Polar Biology, 1994)
Eleven fish species from the Weddell Sea (Antarctic) were examined for infestation with anisakid nematodes. Two species of the genus Contracaecum and the sealworm Pseudoterranova decipiens were isolated from the liver and the body cavity of fish affected. Only two specimens of P. decipiens (1.4%) partly invaded the belly flaps. The following fish species were infested by P. decipiens at the given prevalences: Cygnodraco mawsoni (74.4%), Trematomus scotti (23.2%), Pagetopsis maculatus (10.0%), Cryodraco antarcticus (7.1%), Trematomus lepidorhinus (3.0%), and Dolloidraco longedorsalis (2.7%). All of these, except Trematomus scotti, are new host records. Chaenodraco wilsoni, Chionodraco myersi, Gerlachea australis, Racovitzia glacialis and T. eulepidotus were not infested. The reasons for low prevalence and intensity of infestation are seen in the difficulties of P. decipiens in completing its benthic life cycle in the Weddell Sea environment, in the absence of shallow coastal waters due to the floating shelf-ice. Cygnodraco mawsoni is a crucial intermediate host, without which completion of the parasite life cycle might not be possible. In order to clarify the taxonomical position of Antarctic Pseudoterranova, morphological comparisons with specimens of P. decipiens from the German and Norwegian coast were made using scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed no differences; hence, all specimens studied belong to the same species P. decipiens.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; biodiversitet; fisker; marin biologi; økologi

Seabird studies at Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land - Røv, Nils; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; Bangjord, Georg (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1991/92, 1994)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1991/92; fugler; ornitologi

Rock mapping of glaciated areas by satellite image processing - Salvini, Francesco; Della Maggiore, Roberto; Fortunati, Luciano; Mazzarini, Francesco (Polar Research, 1994)
Keywords: Antarktis; geologi; polarområdene; satellitt bilder

Solorina Spongiosa in Antarctica: An Extremely Disjunct Bipolar Lichen - Smith, R. I. Lewis; Øvstedal, Dag Olav (The Lichenologist, 1994)
The bipolar foliose lichen Solorina spongiosa (Sm.) Anzi is reported from James Ross Island, Antarctica, where it grows on moss. This is only the third known occurrence of this lichen from the Southern Hemisphere, the other localities being in Tierra del Fuego and New Zealand. Its morphology resembles that of the New Zealand population and arctic-alpine populations from the Northern Hemisphere, although there are some differences in apothecial and spore size. As elsewhere, it occupies base-rich habitats colonized by predominantly calcicolous mosses and lichens.
Edition: 2007/03/28 Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Antarktis; botanikk; lav; moser; planter

Proximal sub ice-shelf sedimentation Jutulgryta, East Antarctica - Solheim, Anders (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1991/92, 1994)
Keywords: Antarktis; NARE 1991/92; glasiologi; isshelf

Dronning Maud Land - Tollefsen, Ivar (Mortensen, 1994)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; Sydpolen; ekspedisjoner; fjellklatring; polarekspedisjoner

Spectral bi-directional reflectance of snow and glacier ice measured in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Winther, Jan-Gunnar (Annals of Glaciology, 1994)
Visible and near-infrared spectral reflectances of snow and superimposed ice were measured in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, during the 1992-93 austral summer. Spectral-reflectance curves of both snow and superimposed ice remain high ( > 80%) in the visible region. A pronounced decrease in reflectance appears in the near-infrared, especially for superimposed ice. Superimposed ice with a 1 cm thick surface layer of ice-bound snow crystals had a considerably higher reflectance than superimposed ice containing only a few snow crystals. Furthermore, these data prove that snow and superimposed ice reflect solar radiation specularly and suggest that the anisotropy strengthens with increasing wavelengths. Integrated in-situ reflectances corresponding to Landsat TM bands 1-4 show that TM band 1 is least affected, whereas TM band 4 is most affected by anisotropy. Furthermore, the anisotropy increases with increasing off-nadir viewing angles up to an angle corresponding to 90°-θs (θs = solar elevation). For a 15° off-nadir sensor-observation angle, the average snow reflectance for TM bands 1–4 is about 10% higher than at nadir. Similarly, the apparent reflectance can be more than 50% higher than the nadir reflectance for larger observation angles. Consequently, if satellite-derived reflectances are going to be considered as absolute values, a topographic-correction model is needed to correct for the effects of anisotropy.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; glasiologi

Norwegian Antarctic whaling seen through the eye of the camera - Barr, Susan (Whaling and history : perspectives on the evolution of the industry, 1993)
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; fotografi; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; hvalfangststasjoner; hvalkokeri; pelagisk

A century of German interests in modern whaling, 1860s-1960s - Barthelmess, Klaus (Whaling and history : perspectives on the evolution of the industry, 1993)
Keywords: Nordmenn; Sørishavet; Tyskland; hvalfangere; pelagisk hvalfangst; økonomi

Survival against all odds? Shore station whaling at South Georgia in the Pelagic. Era, 1925-1960 - Basberg, Bjørn L (Whaling and history : perspectives on the evolution of the industry, 1993)
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; hvalfangststasjoner; hvalkokeri; pelagisk; økonomi; økonomisk historie

Granulites and garnet–cordierite gneisses from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Bucher-Nurminen, Kurt; Ohta, Yoshihide (Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 1993)
The central sector of Mühlig-Hofmannfjellet (3°E/71°S) in western Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctic shield) is dominated by large intrusive bodies of predominantly orthopyroxene-bearing quartz syenites (charnockites). Metasedimentary rocks are rare; however, two distinct areas with banded gneiss–marble–quartzite sequences of sedimentary origin were found during the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition NARE 1989/90. Cordierite-bearing metapelitic gneisses from two different localities contain the characteristic mineral assemblage: cordierite + garnet + biotite + K-feldspar + plagioclase + quartz ± sillimanite ± spinel. Thermobarometry indicates equilibration conditions of about 650°C and 4 kbar. Associated orthopyroxene–garnet granulites, on the other hand, revealed pressures of about 8 kbar and temperatures of 750°C. The earlier granulite facies metamorphism is not well preserved in the cordierite gneisses as a result of excess K-feldspar combined with interaction with an H2O-rich fluid phase, probably released by the cooling intrusives. These two features allowed the original high-grade K-feldspar + garnet assemblages to recrystallize as cordierite–biotite–sillimanite gneisses, completely re-equilibrating them. Phase relationships indicate that the younger metamorphic event occurred in the presence of a fluid phase that varied in composition between the lithologies.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; geokjemi; geologi

Den farlige isen i Antarktis - Ekra, Siv Ingrid Skau (Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet SINTEF, 1993)
All is i antarktiske havområder er flerårig under den antarktiske sommeren. Slik is er særlig sterk og hard og smelter ikke. I store bølger får de farlige stykkene stor fart. Treffer de en båt, skjer det med stor kraft.
Publication Title: Gemini : forskningsnytt fra SINTEF og NTNU
Keywords: Sørishavet; båter; isforholdene; populærvitenskap

Geographical discoveries in Antarctica by the whaling industry - Headland, Robert Keith (Whaling and history : perspectives on the evolution of the industry, 1993)
Keywords: Antarktis; Carl Anton Larsen; Lars Christensen; ekspedisjoner; geografi; hvalfangst; oppdagelsesreiser

Nature environment map: Gjelsvikfjella and Western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - Høgvard, K (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1993)
Pages: Blad/Sheet 1 Publication Title: Norsk Polarinstitutt Temakart Nr. 24 Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; NARE 1989/90; geografi; kartlegging

Hvalfangstlæge for 40 år siden - Husby, Jakob; Kolltveit, Bård (Norsk sjøfartsmuseum. Årsberetning, 1993)
Publisher: Museet Place: Oslo
Keywords: Anglo Norse ekspedisjonene; Sørishavet; erindringer; historie; hvalfangst; hvalkokerier; pelagisk

Dager i Antarktis: om folk og forskning, og en ekspedisjon litt utenom det vanlige - Kristensen, Monica (Grøndahl Dreyer, 1993)
Keywords: Antarktis; ekspedisjoner

Kapittel 3 - Arbeidsløsheten. Kapittel 6 - Den lokale organisasjonen i 30-åra - Magdahl, Jørn (Framnæsarbeidernes historie, 1993)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Vestfold; arbeiderbevegelse; byhistorie; hvalfangere; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; næringsliv

Notes on the ecology and physiology of the Antarctic oribatid mite Maudheimia wilsoni - Sømme, Lauritz; Strømme, Alexander; Zachariassen, Karl Erik (Polar Research, 1993)
The oribatid mite Maudheimia wilsoni Dalenius was found to be numerous on the underside of stones at Jutulsessen (72-degrees-S, 3-degrees-E) in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Daily temperature fluctuations of the microhabitat from as high as 19-degrees-C and to as low as -17-degrees-C were observed during the austral summer. Optimal activity of the mites occurred at 10-degrees-C. Even in January the mean supercooling point of adult mites was as low as - 30.8 +/- 4.7-degrees-C. Haemolymph osmolality ranged from 500 to 800 mOsmol and thermal hystersis freezing points from -4.7 to - 6.1-degrees-C. Adult mites had a mean water content of 43.6% and a water loss rate of 0.12 mug h-1 at 15-degrees-C and 10% relative humidity.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; entomologi; midder; miter; virvelløse dyr; zoologi; økofysiologi; økologi

Ice algae during EPOS, leg 1: assemblages, biomass, origin and nutrients - Syvertsen, Erik E; Kristiansen, Svein (Polar Biology, 1993)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; alger; biomasse

Regulation of parental effort in a long-lived seabird an experimental manipulation of the cost of reproduction in the antarctic petrel, Thalassoica antarctica - Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Andersen, Reidar; Pedersen, Hans Christian (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1993)
The fitness of a parent in an altricial bird species is likely to be a function of the proportion of resources allocated to offspring production in relation to the amount spent on its own survival. Here we report an experiment on the Antarctic petrel in which we manipulated the costs of rearing an offspring by placing small lead loads on the legs of one parent. The bird could then either decrease its own body reserves or reduce the food load to the chick. The manipulated birds decreased their food load and increased the feeding interval, compared with unmanipulated birds. Consequently, the rate of chick loss increased. No significant difference was found between the body weights of experimental and control birds during the experiment.
Keywords: Antarktis; fugler; ornitologi; petreller; zoologi; økologi

Vel blåst! : kommandør Chr. Christensens hvalfangstmuseum 75 år : 1917-1992 - Wexelsen, Einar (Kommandør Chr. Christensens hvalfangstmuseum, 1993)
Publication Title: Publikasjon fra Kommandør Chr. Christensens hvalfangstmuseum i Sandefjord
Keywords: Christen Christensen; Norge; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangst; hvalindustri; museer

Working Conditions and Work-related Injuries and Illnesses on board Norwegian Floating Factories after World War II - Wexelsen, Einar (Whaling and history : perspectives on the evolution of the industry, 1993)
Keywords: Sørishavet; arbeidsforhold; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; hvalfangststasjoner; hvalkokeri; medisin

Jutulsessen: Fimbulheimen (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1992)
Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; Troll forskningsstasjon; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Hvalfangsten : eventyret tar slutt - Bakka, Dag (Krohn Johansen, 1992)
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; båter; ekspedisjoner; historie; hvalfangerselskapet; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; hvalkokerier; pelagisk; skip

Søker fortiden og framtiden på Sydpolen - Bakka, Toril (Statoil magasin, 1992)
Keywords: Antarktis; biografi; ekspedisjoner

Phytoplankton distribution in relation to sea ice, hydrography and nutrients in the northwestern Weddell Sea in early spring 1988 during EPOS - Bianchi, Franco; Boldrin, Alfredo; Cioce, F; Dieckmann, Gerhard Stephan; Kuosa, Harri; Larsson, A M; Nöthig, Eva-Maria; Sehlstedt, P I; Socal, Giorgio; Syvertsen, Erik E (Polar Biology, 1992)
Phytoplankton biomass and distribution of major phytoplankton groups were investigated in relation to sea ice conditions, hydrography and nutrients along three north-south transects in the north western Weddell Sea in early spring 1988 during the EPOS Study (European Polarstern Study), Leg 1. Three different zones along the transects could be distinguished: 1) the Open Water Zone (OWZ) from 58-degrees to 60-degrees-S with high chlorophyll a concentrations up to 3.5-mu-g l-1; 2) the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) from 60-degrees to about 62.5-degrees with chlorophyll a concentrations between 0.1 and 0.3-mu-g l-1, and 3) the closed pack-ice zone (CPI) from 62.5-degrees to 63.2-degrees-S with chlorophyll a concentrations below 0.1-mu-g l-1. Nutrient concentrations increased towards the south showing winter values under the closed pack-ice. Centric diatoms such as Thalassiosira gravida and Chaetoceros neglectum forming large colonies dominated the phytoplankton assemblage in terms of biomass in open water together with large, long chain forming, pennate diatoms, whereas small pennate diatoms such as Nitzschia spp., and nanoflagellates prevailed in ice covered areas. Fairly low concentrations of phytoplankton cells were encountered at the southernmost stations and many empty diatom frustules were found in the samples. The enhanced phytoplankton biomass in the Weddell-Scotia-Confluence area is achieved through sea ice melting in the frontal zone of two different water masses, the Weddell and the Scotia Sea surface waters.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; biomasse; diatomeer; fytoplankton; havis; hydrografi; marin biologi; oseanografi

Ecology of sea ice biota. 1. Habitat, terminology, and methodology - Horner, Rita; Ackley, Stephen F.; Dieckmann, Gerhard S.; Gulliksen, Bjorn; Hoshiai, Takao; Legendre, Louis; Melnikov, Igor A.; Reeburgh, William S.; Spindler, Michael; Sullivan, Cornelius W. (Polar Biology, 1992)
Polar regions are covered by extensive sea ice that is inhabited by a variety of plants and animals. The environments where the organisms live vary depending on the structure and age of the ice. Many terms have been used to describe the habitats and the organisms. We here characterize the habitats and communities and suggest some standard terms for them. We also suggest routine sampling methods and reporting units for measurements of biological and chemical variables.
Keywords: Sørishavet; biodiversitet; havis; marin biologi; polarområdene; økologi

Atmospheric CO₂ and global warming: a critical review - Jaworowski, Zbigniew; Segalstad, Tom Victor; Hisdal, Vidar (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1992)
Publication Title: Meddelelser
Keywords: Antarktis; atmosfæren; drivhuseffekten; isbreer; karbondioksid; klimaendringer; klimagasser; paleoatmosfæren; temperaturforhold

Do glaciers tell a true atmospheric CO2 story? - Jaworowski, Zbigniew; Segalstad, Tom Victor; Ono, Nobuo (Science of The Total Environment, 1992)
Until 1985 most studies of CO2 in gas inclusions in pre-industrial ice indicated that CO2 concentrations (up to 2450 ppm) were higher than the current atmospheric level. After 1985, lower pre-industrial CO2 values were reported, and used as evidence for a recent man-made CO2 increase. The errors in these revised values, however, are of a similar magnitude to the apparent increase in atmospheric CO2 level. The assumptions used in estimating lower CO2 values in past atmospheres have been: no liquid phase in polar ice; younger age of air than of ice due to free gas exchange between deep firn and the atmosphere; and no change in composition of air inclusions. These assumptions are shown to be invalid. Liquid saline water exists in ice at low temperatures, even below −70°C; airtight ice layers are ubiquitous in Antarctic firn; and more than 20 physico-chemical processes operating in situ and in ice cores contribute to the alteration of the chemical composition of air inclusions. The permeable ice sheet with its capillary liquid network acts as a sieve which redistributes elements, isotopes, and micro-particles. Thirty-six to 100% of air recovered from old ice is contaminated by recent atmospheric air during field and laboratory operations. The value of ∼290 ppm, widely accepted from glacier studies for the pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 level, apparently results from: invalid assumptions; processes in ice sheets; artifacts in ice cores; and arbitrary rejection of high readings. To date, glaciological studies are not able to provide a reliable reconstruction of either the CO2 level in pre-industrial and ancient atmospheres or paleoclimates. Instead these studies have led to a widely accepted false dogma of man-made climatic warming. This dogma may have enormous negative impact on our common future.
URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223504148_Do_glaciers_tell_a_true_atmospheric_CO2_story
Keywords: Antarktis; drivhuseffekt; glasiologi; global oppvarming; isbreer; karbondioksid; paleoklimatologi; stabile isotoper

Nitrogen uptake in the Weddell Sea during late winter and spring - Kristiansen, Svein; Syvertsen, Erik E; Farbrot, Tove (Polar Biology, 1992)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; alger; biologi

Glaciomarine turbidite and current controlled deposits in Prydz Bay, Antarctica - Kuvaas, Berit; Leitchenkov, German (Marine Geology, 1992)
A thick sequence (up to 2200 m) of presumed post late Eocene/early Oligocene glaciomarine sediments is inferred to be present on the Prydz Bay continental rise. In the absence of information from drillholes, we correlate to ODP Leg 119 drillsites on the shelf and compare with the seismic reflection pattern of glaciomarine sequences in the Weddell Sea. The inferred glaciomarine sediments in Prydz Bay appear to be deposited in a complex manner, suggesting interaction by both turbidity cur rents and strong bottom currents. Reflection seismic profiles from the lower continental slope and rise shows an abundance of current influenced deposits, such as sediment waves and large sediment ridges with similarities to contourite drifts. In addition, large channel-levee complexes are abundant, suggesting deposition by turbidity currents and other massflow processes. Large channels and sediment ridges trend oblique to the continental margin. The geometry and character of the seismic reflection pattern suggest that the ridges have been deposited under the combined influence of overflow from downslope channelized turbidity currents and strong bottom water flow. The observed sediment waves and the difference along eastern and western channel margins suggest that bottom currents are flowing towards the west. We suggest that the initiation of turbidite sedimentation occurred in the late Eocene-early Oligocene, when the Amery Ice Shelf reached the shelf edge for the first time. Onset of current controlled deposition may possibly be related to the opening of the Drake Passage at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; havbunnen; kontinentalmargin; marin geologi

Ecology of sea ice biota. 2. Global significance - Legendre, Louis; Ackley, Stephen F.; Dieckmann, Gerhard S.; Gulliksen, Bjørn; Horner, Rita; Hoshiai, Takao; Melnikov, Igor A.; Reeburgh, William S.; Spindler, Michael; Sullivan, Cornelius W. (Polar Biology, 1992)
The sea ice does not only determine the ecology of ice biota, but it also influences the pelagic systems under the ice cover and at ice edges. In this paper, new estimates of Arctic and Antarctic production of biogenic carbon are derived, and differences as well as similarities between the two oceans are examined. In ice-covered seas, high algal concentrations (blooms) occur in association with several types of conditions. Blooms often lead to high sedimentation of intact cells and faecal pellets. In addition to ice-related blooms, there is progressive accumulation of organic matter in Arctic multi-year ice, whose fate may potentially be similar to that of blooms. A fraction of the carbon fixed by microalgae that grow in sea ice or in relation to it is exported out of the production zone. This includes particulate material sinking out of the euphotic zone, and also material passed on to the food web. Pathways through which ice algal production does reach various components of the pelagic and benthic food webs, and through them such top predators as marine mammals and birds, are discussed. Concerning global climate change and biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, not all export pathways from the euphotic zone result in the sequestration of carbon for periods of hundreds of years or more. This is because various processes, that take place in both the ice and the water column, contribute to mineralize organic carbon into CO2 before it becomes sequestered. Processes that favour the production and accumulation of biogenic carbon as well as its export to deep waters and sequestration are discussed, together with those that influence mineralization in the upper ice-covered ocean.
Keywords: Sørishavet; biodiversitet; biogeokjemi; havis; karbondioksid; klimaendringer; marin biologi; polarområdene; økologi

Determination of sulphur- and chlorine-containing compounds using capillary gas chromatography and atomic emission detection - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig; Asp, Tone Normann; Greibrokk, Tyge (Analytica Chimica Acta, 1992)
The potential of universal calibration using capillary gas chromatography combined with atomic emission detection was evaluated for several chlorine- and sulphur-containing compounds of environmental interest. The elemental responses obtained for C, H, Cl and S were found to be affected by the molecular structure. Rapid determination of several analytes was accomplished using a single calibration graph based on one randomly selected reference compound, but 10–30% errors relative to the actual concentrations were observed in several instances. The results were significantly improved by using reference compounds with structures similar to those of the analytes of interest. the practical utility of universal calibration is illustrated by the determination of pesticides in stomach oil deposits from birds living in Antarctica.
Keywords: Antarktis; biokjemi; fugler; kjemi; kromatografi; petreller

Samtykke til ratifikasjon av Protokoll om miljøvern til Antarktistraktaten, undertegnet i Madrid 4. oktober 1991 - Utenriksdepartementet (1992)
Pages: 64 Place: Oslo
Keywords: Antarktis; forvaltning; miljøvern; politikk

Hvalfangerkoner og barn forteller : hjemmeliv fra 1930-1967 - Vesterlid, Jorunn (Vestfold grafiske, 1992)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Vestfold; etnologi; hvalfangere; hvalfangst; kulturhistorie; kvinner

Vel blåst! Kommandør Chr. Christensens Hvalfangstmuseum gjennom 75 år 1917-1992 - Wexelsen, Einar (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1992)
Publisher: Sandefjordmuseene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Antarktis; Christen Christensen; Nordmenn; Vestfold; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangstindustri; pelagisk; polarekspedisjoner

H.U. Sverdrupfjella: Fimbulheimen (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1991)
Pages: Blad H6S Place: [Oslo]
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Jutulgryta: Fimbulheimen (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1991)
Pages: Blad/Sheet H5S Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Mühlig-Hofmannfjella Nord: Fimbulheimen (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1991)
Pages: Blad/Sheet J5S Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

Mühlig-Hofmannfjella Sør: Fimbulheimen (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1991)
Pages: Blad/Sheet J6S Place: Oslo
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; geografi; kartlegging; satellite bilder

The ecophysiology of under-ice fauna - Aarset, Arne V (Polar Research, 1991)
Keywords: Antarktis; amfipoder; fauna; havis; polarområdene; sjøis; zoologi; økofysiologi

The role of the microbial loop in Antarctic pelagic ecosystems - Azam, Farooq; Smith, David C; Hollibaugh, James T (Polar Research, 1991)
Keywords: Sørishavet; fytoplankton; oseanografi; økosystemer

Fugle-og selundersøkelser på Bouvetøya i desember/januar 1989/90 - Bakken, Vidar (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1991)
Publication Title: Meddelelser
Keywords: Bouvetøya; biologi; fugler; fugleregistreringer; ornitologi; pingviner; seler; zoologi

Hvalbåter over og under vann - Basberg, Bjørn L; Nævestad, Dag (Norsk sjøfartsmuseum Årsberetning, 1991)
Keywords: Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangst; skip

Whaling or Shipping? Conflicts over the Use of the Norwegian Whaling Fleet during World War II - Basberg, Bjørn Lorens (International Journal of Maritime History, 1991)
When the United Kingdom entered World War n in September 1939 the Norwegian merchant marine was immediately affected, as its ships became the targets of German submarines. Between September 1939 and April 1940 (when Norway was occupied by the Nazis), more than fifty Norwegian ships were lost, mainly in the North Sea and the north Atlantic. In November 1939 an agreement was reached between the British government and the Norwegian Shipowners Association to place almost half the Norwegian merchant fleet at Britain's disposal under the so-called "charter parties scheme." The king and the Norwegian government fled to London and established a government-inexile during the German occupation, but before their departure it was decided to establish an agency in the British capital to operate and manage Norwegian shipping. It was named the Norwegian Shipping and Trade Mission (Nortraship) and became the world's largest shipowner, controlling more than one thousand ships at the outset of the war.'
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; andre verdenskrig; hvalbåter; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; pelagisk hvalfangst

Thermoregulatory abilities in chicks of the Antarctic Petrel (Thalassoica antarctica) - Bech, Claus; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Haftorn, Svein (Polar Biology, 1991)
We studied the thermoregulatory capacity of Antarctic Petrel chicks, Thalassoica antarctica, breeding in a large colony in Queen Maud Land (71-degrees-53'S, 5-degrees-10'E) on the Antarctic continent. Compared to newly hatched chicks of other birds, those of the Antarctic Petrel are characterized by a relatively high standard metabolic rate (SMR) and thermal conductance. Their metabolic scope is limited, however, being only 1.6 times the SMR, and they consequently depend on parental brooding to maintain T(b). At an age of 11 days the chicks become thermally independent and are left alone in the nest. The chicks keep a relatively high body temperature (> 36-degrees-C) throughout their early development and we found no indication that they normally experience hypothermia. A significant positive relationship between latitude of breeding and SMR of the hatchlings is shown to exist for procellariiform birds. It is suggested that the high SMR found in Antarctic Petrel hatchlings could be a prerequisite for achieving a high growth rate, rather than being of any thermoregulatory significance.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; fugler; ornitologi; petreller; zoologi

Phytoplankton-bacteria relationship in the Antarctic marine ecosystem - Billen, Gilles; Becquevort, Sylvie (Polar Research, 1991)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; bakterier; biomasse; fytoplankton; marin biologi; oseanografi; økofysiologi; økosystemer

The physiology of polar marine zooplankton - Clarke, Andrew; Peck, Lloyd S (Polar Research, 1991)
Keywords: Sørishavet; marin biologi; polarområdene; zooplankton

Foraging economics and performance of polar and subpolar Atlantic seabirds - Croxall, John P; Briggs, Dirk R (Polar Research, 1991)
Keywords: Antarktis; fugler; næring; ornitologi; pingviner; zoologi; økologi

Primary production in polar waters: relation to nutrient availability - Harrison, W G; Cota, G F (Polar Research, 1991)
Keywords: Sørishavet; fytoplankton; oseanografi

Krill Enzymes. A New Concept for Efficient Debridement of Necrotic Ulcers - Hellgren, L.; Karlstam, B.; Mohr, Viggo; Vincent, J. (International Journal of Dermatology, 1991)
The article discusses the new concept for surgery of necrotic ulcers using the krill enzymes. The krill peptide hydrolases represent a new and important alternative to mammalian or microbial enzymes for distinctive medical applications, such as debridemen.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Keywords: Sørishavet; biokjemi; krill; marin biologi; medisin; plankton

Sydpolen på tvers - Høibakk, Ralph (Gyldendal, 1991)
Keywords: Antarktis; Den Norske Sydpolekspedisjonen 1990; Sydpolen; ekspedisjoner; reiser; reiseskildringer

Occurrence of polar seabirds at sea in relation to prey concentrations and oceanographic factors - Hunt Jr, George L (Polar Research, 1991)
Keywords: Antarktis; næring; ornitologi; oseanografi; polarområdene; sjøfugler; økosystemer

The Crary Fan: A trough-mouth fan on the Weddell Sea continental margin, Antarctica - Kuvaas, Berit; Kristoffersen, Yngve (Marine Geology, 1991)
Multichannel seismic investigations show the presence of a large trough-mouth fan deposit on the continental margin in the southern Weddell Sea. A characteristic feature of the fan is relatively few, but large canyons and/or channels which appear to have been stable for long periods. Levees associated with the channels may reach thicknesses of more than 1 km. Drilling during ODP Leg 113 recorded the presence of glaciers in East Antarctica since early Oligocene time, and the seismic stratigraphic evidence suggests that the submarine fan is largely composed of glacigenic sediments. The channel-levee systems and complexes indicate several growth phases, apparently controlled by glacial/interglacial climate fluctuations, with maximum fan growth during glacial periods. The present interglacial period is characterized by strong and erosive flow of Ice Shelf Water running down the western slope of the fan and carrying only minor amounts of suspended matter. The fan is essentially sediment starved during interglacial periods. The dimensions of the channel-levee complexes and the persistent loci of sediment supply suggest that turbidite sedimentation resulted from melting of wet-based glaciers at or near the shelf edge, which has consequently prograded 70-80 km seaward.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; havbunnen; isshelf; kontinentalmargin; kontinentalsokkel; marin geologi; seismologi

Microbial communities from the sea ice and adjacent water column at the time of ice melting in the northwestern part of the Weddell Sea - Mathot, Sylvie; Becquevort, Sylvie; Lancelot, Christiane (Polar Research, 1991)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; alger; bakterier; diatomeer; havis; mikrobiologi; protozo; sjøis; smelting

Humoral-immunologiske endringar ved korttidsisolasjon i Antarktis - Molvær, Otto Inge; Matre, Roald; Bendiksen, Fredrik S; Reitehaug, Per-Ivar; Hjelle, John O (NUTEC, 1991)
https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2011012708090
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; immunologi; mikrobiologi

Distribution of selenium binding proteins in liver from two species of penguins from Bouvetøya - Norheim, Gunnar; Mehlum, Fridtjof; Bech, Claus; Moksnes, Milica T. (Polar Research, 1991)
Chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica and macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus were collected at Bouvettfya in the south Atlantic. The average hepatic selenium levels for the two species were 6.6 ± 2.9 and 23.6 ± 3.4 ng/g wet weight (P < 0.001), respectively. The total hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the two species was 629 ± 58 and 838 ± 88 u.kat/kg (P < 0.001), respectively. The average selenium dependent GSH-Px activity was 96 ± 3.2% of the total activity. All selenium was present in the cytosol. The selenium binding compounds were separated on Sephadex G-75 into three fractions, a high molecular weight fraction, a metallothionein fraction, and a third non-protein selenium containing fraction. There seems to be an agreement between the amount of selenium recovered in the first fraction and the GSH-Px activity. In chinstrap and macaroni penguins, the percentage of hepatic selenium recovered in the third non-protein fraction was 83 ± 2.6 and 94 ± 1.1% (P < 0.001), respectively.
Keywords: Bouvetøya; NARE 1984/85; farmakologi; miljøgifter; pingviner; zoologi

The geology and age of Peter I Øy, Antarctica - Prestvik, Tore; Duncan, Robert A (Polar Research, 1991)
The island Peter I Oy is located in the Bellinghausen Sea 400 km off the coast of West Antarctica. It is situated at the transition between oceanic and contintental crust close to a former transform fault, the Tharp fracture zone. The island is completely volcanic, consisting of predominantly alkali basalt and hawaiite and some more evolved rocks. Sampling done by the Aurora expedition in 1987 has made dating and detailed petrological studies possible. The island appears to be much younger (< 0.5 Ma) than previously believed. However, the volcanic activity responsible for this oceanic island may have lasted for 10-20 Ma. Volcanic activity at the island thus took place at the same time as post-subduction rift-related volcanism took place along the Antarctic Peninsula and in Marie Byrd Land. However, the petrologic data indicate that this may be coincidental and that the Peter I Oy activity is independent and related to transtensional rifting along the Tharp fracture zone.
Keywords: Peter I. Øy; geologi; petrologi

Hvalfangernes mat til hverdag og fest - Ringstad, Jan Erik (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1991)
Keywords: Sørishavet; ernæring; hvalfangst

Light and productivity of phytoplankton in polar marine ecosystems: a physiological view - Sakshaug, Egil; Slagstad, Dag (Polar Research, 1991)
Publisher: Routledge
Keywords: Sørishavet; fysiologi; fytoplankton; planteplankton; polarområdene

Factors controlling the development of phytoplankton blooms in the Antarctic Ocean — a mathematical model - Sakshaug, Egil; Slagstad, Dag; Holm-Hansen, Osmund (Marine Chemistry, 1991)
A mathematical model describing the development of phytoplankton blooms as a function of the depth of the wind-mixed layer, spectral distribution of light, passage of atmospheric low-pressure systems, size of the initial phytoplankton stock and loss rates is presented. Model runs represent shade-adapted, large-celled, bloom-forming diatoms. Periodic deep mixing caused by strong winds may severely retard the development of blooms and frequently abort them before macronutrients are completely exhausted. Moderate depths of mixing (40-50 m) in combination with a moderately large total loss rate (about 0.01 3 h-1) can prevent blooms from developing during the brightest time of the year. Complete exhaustion of macronutrients in the upper waters is likely only if the wind-mixed layer is less than 10 m deep, i.e. in very sheltered waters, and also in the marginal ice zone when ice is melting. We do not exclude the possibility of control of phytoplankton biomass by iron in ice-free, deep-sea parts of the Antarctic Ocean, but the implied enhancement of export production through addition of iron might be restricted because of limitation by light, i.e. vertical mixing.
Keywords: Scotiahavet; Sørishavet; fytoplankton; marin biologi; oseanografi

The lichen genus Stereocaulon in Antarctica and South Georgia - Smith, Ronald I Lewis; Øvstedal, Dag Olav (Polar Biology, 1991)
Six species of Stereocaulon and one unnamed taxon (close to S. glabrum) are reported from South Georgia, the maritime Antarctic islands and Antarctic Peninsula. S. caespitosum is new to the western sub-Antarctic. Variations in morphology and secondary chemistry are provided, and the ecology and geographical distribution in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic biomes are given for each taxon.
Keywords: Antarktis; botanikk; lav; planter

Antarktispetrellen: på grensen av det mulige - Sæther, Bernt-Erik (Naturen, 1991)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; fugler; ornitologi

Psychobiological Studies of Individuals in Small, Isolated Groups in the Antarctic and in Space Analogues - Ursin, Holger; Bergan, Tom; Collet, Jérôme; Endresen, Inger M.; Lugg, Desmond; Maki, Pauline; Matre, Roald; Molvær, Otto Inge; Müller, Helmut K.; Olff, Miranda; Pettersen, Roger C.; Sandal, Gro Mjeldheim; et al. (Environment and Behavior, 1991)
Mental and physical health are both at risk under conditions of prolonged remoteness from home and removal from normal social support networks. This article examines relevant data from small groups isolated in (a) Antarctic summer stations, (b) a Transantarctic traverse expedition, and (c) a spacecraft simulator capsule.
Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc
Keywords: Antarktis; forskningsstasjoner; fysiologi; immunologi; psykobiologi; psykologi

Sandefjord - et naturlig polarforskningssenter - Wexelsen, Einar (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1991)
Publisher: Museene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Antarktis; Norsk Polarinstitutt; ekspedisjoner; historie; oppdagelsesreiser; polarområdene

Predatory feeding behavior of an Antarctic marine copepod, Euchaeta antarctica - Yen, Jeannette (Polar Research, 1991)
Keywords: Antarktis; fytoplankton; hoppekreps; marin biologi

Geological observations in Gjelsvikfjella and Mühling-Hofmannfjella - Bucher-Nurminen, Kurt; Ohta, Yoshihide; Austrheim, Håkon; Dallmann, Winfried K (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; geologi

Geology around the Norwegian Antarctic station "Troll", Jutulsessen, Dronning Maud Land - Dallmann, Winfried K; Austrheim, Håkon; Bucher-Nurminen, Kurt; Ohta, Yoshihide (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1990)
During the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, a pennanent, unmanned research station was raised in Jutulsessen, Gjelsvikfjella, western Dronning Maud Land. The present report is a description of the geology of the area accessable from the station. Exposures of rocks in this part of Dronning Maud Land are restricted to a coastal mountain chain at c. 200-250 km distance from the ice shelf edge at elevations between 1000 and 3000 m. Quaternary deposits are particularly restricted to the inner parts of the Jutulsessen glaeier cirques. Deposits are till and talus which locally are admixing at slope angles of c. 25°. Moraines are poorly developed. Patterned ground ('stone pits') are common at slope angles below c. 15°. Recently active phenomena of special interest are ice-margin meltwater lakes with pingo-like 'blisters " the deep frost-shattering all over the mountain walls and hoIes in rock surfaces as a result of wind activity with grinding particles. The bedrock belongs to the East Antarctic craton. The area under consideration (western Miihlig-Hofmannfjella and Gjelsvikfjella) consists of high-grade metamorphic rocks and fonns one of the world's best exposed granulite terranes. Orthogneisses and minor metasediments have been intruded by a series of charnockites, partly altered to granulites (the 'Svarthamaren charnockite complex'), and a sequence of dyke rocks. Migmatization has affected large parts of the gneisses. Both gneisses and granulites/charnockites show abundant evidence of transition from granulite to amphibolite facies and vice versa, and the important role of fluid-rock interactions leading to these processes can be studied. The gneisses at Jutulsessen show a complex defonnation history. They are thought to be derived from granitic intrusions, though minor amounts of high-grade metamorphic, metapelitic gneisses may represent their original host rocks. Early tectonism (c. 1000-1200 m.y.) produced gneissosity, compositional banding and a leucosome phase under high-grade metamorphic conditions. This was followed by multiple and complex intrusive activity, partial migmatization and a tectonic overprint with abundant shear defonnation under amphibolite-facies conditions (c. 450-500 m.y.).
Publication Title: Meddelelser
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; berggrunnsgeologi; geologi

Geodetic measurements in Dronning Maud Land - Eiken, Trond; Luktvasslimo, Brit Åse; Lytskjold, Bjørn (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; geodesi

Observations of ice shelf water at the southern Weddel sea shelf break - Foldvik, Arne; Gammelsrød, Tor; Nordlund, Nina; Nytun, Kjell (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: NARE 1989/90; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; ekspedisjoner; forskning; isshelf; oseanografi

The tides of the southern Weddell Sea - Foldvik, Arne; Middleton, Jason H; Foster, Theodore D (Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 1990)
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; isshelf; kontinentalsokkel; kontinentalsokler; tidevann

Marine biological studies in the Weddel sea and north of Dronning Maud Land - Gulliksen, Bjørn; Lønne, Ole Jørgen; Hellum, Cecilie (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: NARE 1989/90; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; marin biologi

Microbial autotrophic and heterotrophic eucaryotes in Antarctic waters: relationships between biomass and chlorophyll, adenosine triphosphate and particulate organic carbon - Hewes, Christopher D.; Sakshaug, Egil; Reid, Freda M. H.; Holm-Hansen, Osmund (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1990)
Microscopical examination of near-surface eucaryotic microbial populations in circumcontinental waters of Antarctica indicated that nanoplankton (<20 μm diameter) dominated in regions with low chlorophyll concentrations (< 1 μg l⁻¹). About 30 % of the mean nanoplankton carbon consisted of heterotrophic flagellates. Heterotrophic microplankton carbon (> 20 μm diameter) was generally less significant. The variation in phytoplankton biomass was the result primarily of changes in cell density of pennate diatoms in the East Wind Drift, and of centric diatoms in the Weddell Sea and the Scotia Ridge region. Autotrophic and heterotrophic carbon as determined by microscopical analysis were compared with data for total particulate carbon, chlorophyll a, and adenosine triphosphate. Estimates for the C:chl ratio of autotrophs increased with decreasing concentrations of chlorophyll a, with mean values of 46 in bloom waters and 144 in 'blue water'. A C:ATP ratio for heterotrophic nanoplankton was estimated to be about 100, while that for heterotrophic microplankton may be lower. Algorithms, incorporating concentrations of chlorophyll a and ATP, are described which allow estimates of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial biomass.
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Keywords: Sørishavet; alger; biomasse; fytoplankton; marin biologi; oseanografi; plankton; zooplankton

The pelagic distribution of marine birds in a heterogeneous environment - Hunt Jr, George L. (Polar Research, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; fugler; marin ornitologi; næring; polarområdene

The pelagic distribution of marine birds in a heterogeneous environment - Hunt Jr, George L (Polar Research, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; fugler; ornitologi; polarområdene; zoologi

I hjertet av Antarktis; Norge i Antarktis - Imbert, Bertrand C; Hem, Arne (Polarforskningens pionerer, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; Bouvetøya; Dronning Maud Land; Norge; Peter I. Øy; Roald Amundsen; Sydpolsekspedisjonen; Sørishavet; hvalfangst; oppdagelsesreiser

Radio-echo investigations in Dronning Maud Land - Kennett, Michael (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; geofysikk; isshelf; isstrøm; klimaendringer

La oss arbeide! : A/S Laboremus gjennom 80 år 1910-1990 - Kolltveit, Bård ([A/S Laboremus], 1990)
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; rederier; sjøfartshistorie

Virkninger av klimaendringer i polarområdene : bidrag til den interdepartementale klimautredningen - Kverndal, Arnt-Ivar; Elvebakk, Arve; Jaworowski, Zbygniew; Hansson, Rasmus (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1990)
Publication Title: Norsk Polarinstitutt. Rapportserie
Keywords: Antarktis; biologi; drivhuseffekten; dyreliv; fiskeri; flora; havbruksnæring; havis; havnivå; isbreer; klimaendringer; klimagasser; permafrost; planter; polarområdene; vannressurser; økologi

Some Nitzschia and related diatom species from fast ice samples in the Arctic and Antarctic - Medlin, Linda K.; Hasle, Grethe Rytter (Polar Biology, 1990)
Some Nitzschia and closely related species have been examined in the light and electron microscopes from fast ice samples in the Arctic and Antarctic. Nitzschia neofrigida, forming arborescent colonies, and Nitzschia promare, forming loose ribbon colonies, are described as new species, both probably included in the distribution of other similar species. A new combination, Auricula compacta, represents the first report of this genus from ice samples. Colony formation is reported for the first time in Nitzschia arctica and Nitzschia taeniiformis. No biopolar species were found and several reports of Arctic species in Antarctic ice samples have been refuted.
Keywords: Antarktis; alger; biodiversitet; biologi; botanikk; diatomeer; fytoplankton; planteplankton; polarområdene

Medical contingency and biomedical research - Molvær, Otto Inge; Bendiksen, Fredrik S; Reitehaug, Per-Ivar (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; biomedisin; medisin

Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90 - Norsk, Polarinstitutt (Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1990)
Publication Title: Meddelelser
Keywords: Antarktis; Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; Troll forskningsstasjon; Weddellhavet; geologi; marin økologi; meteorologi; zoologi

Geology of Gjelsvikfjella and western Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land, east Antarctica - Ohta, Yoshihide; Tørudbakken, Bjørn; Shiraishi, Kazuyuki (Polar Research, 1990)
As a part of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1984/85, geological mapping was performed in Gjelsvikfjella and western Muhlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land. The northern part of Gjelsvikfjella is dominated by the Jutulsessen metasupracrustals which have been intruded by a major gabbroic body and several generations of dykes. To the south the metasupracrustals gradually transform into the Risemedet migmatites. In western Muhlig-Hofmannfjella the bedrock is dominated by the large Svarthamaren Charnockite batholith. The batholith is bordered by the Snotoa metamorphic complex outcropping to the south and west in Muhlig-Hofmannfjella and it is characterized by a high content of partly assimilated country rock inclusions. Mineral paragenesis and geothermometry/geobarometry suggest a two-stage tectonothermal-igneous history with an initial intermediate pressure, upper amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism followed by high temperature transformations related to the charnockite intrusion. The age of the initial tectonothermal event is probably about 1,100 Ma. Geochronological work in the present study (Rb/Sr whole rock) gave an age of 500 +/- 24 Ma for the Svarthamaren Charnockite, interpreted to record the age of crystallization. Late brittle faulting and undeformed dolerite dykes outcropping in Jutulsessen are believed to be related to Mesozoic crustal stretching in the Jutulstraumen-Pencksokket Rift Zone to the west.
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1984/85; geologi

Studies on, and underneath, the Ice Shelf Fimbulisen - Orheim, Olav; Hagen, Jon Ove; Østerhus, Svein; Sætrang, Arne (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; glasiologi; isshelf

Aspects of reproductive behaviour in a population of South Polar skua Catharacta maccormicki in Dronning Maud Land - Pedersen, Hans Christian (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; reproduksjon; zoologi

Ingeniør Sæbjørnsens bukspretter - Ringstad, Jan Erik (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1990)
Publisher: Museene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Nordmenn; Sørishavet; hvalfangst; hvalfangstindustri; hvalindustri; patenter; pelagisk; utstyr

Næringer i hvalfangstens grenseland - Ringstad, Jan Erik (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1990)
Publisher: Museene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Christen Christensen; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangst; hvalkokerier; hvalolje; næring; patenter; pelagisk; økonomi

Studies of breeding biology of Antarctic petrel and snow petrel in Mühlig-Hofmannfjella, Dronning Maud Land - Røv, Nils (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; zoologi

Oxygen 18 and helium as tracers of ice shelf water and water/ice interaction in the Weddell Sea - Schlosser, Peter; Bayer, Reinhold; Foldvik, Arne; Gammelsrød, Tor; Rohardt, Gerd; Münnich, Karl Otto (Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1990)
Oxygen 18 and helium isotope data from stations located in the Filchner Depression, on the continental slope of the southern Weddell Sea, and in the central Weddell Sea are presented and discussed. The 18O and 4He signals imprinted on the water circulating under the Filchner/Ronne Ice Shelf (Ice Shelf Water, or ISW) due to melting of glacial ice at the base of the ice shelf are traced across the sill separating the Filchner Depression from the Weddell Sea. Low δ18O values are correlated with high 4He concentrations in the ISW found in the Filchner Depression (minimum δ18O values: −0.8‰; maximum 4He concentrations: about 4.7×10−8 cm3 STP g−1). The fraction of glacial meltwater contained in the ISW found in the Filchner Depression is estimated to about 6 to 7‰. The 18O and helium isotope data from the overflowing shelf water component observed on the continental slope confirm the hypothesis that ISW contributes significantly to the Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW). On the basis of a inultiparameter water mass analysis it is discussed which fraction of the WSBW originates from ISW and which other shelf waters potentially could contribute to WSBW.
Keywords: Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; brehylle; geofysikk; hydrografi; isbrem; isshelf; oseanografi; smeltevann; vannmasser

Zwischen Kooperation und Konfrontation. Deutschland, Norwegen und die Walfangfrage in den 1930er Jahren - Scholl, Lars Ulrich (Sjøfartshistorisk årbok : Norwegian yearbook of maritime history, 1990)
Publisher: Stiftelsen Bergens sjøfartsmuseum Place: Bergen
Keywords: Norge; Sørishavet; Tyskland; historie; hvalfangere; hvalfangstindustri; hvalolje; pelagisk; samarbeid

Marine geological studies in the Weddel sea - Sjøholm, Jorunn; Jansen, Eystein (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: NARE 1989/90; Sørishavet; Weddellhavet; ekspedisjoner; forskning; marin geologi

Ecophysiological adaptations in mites and collembolans in Dronning Maud Land - Strømme, Alexander (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; midder; miter; virvelløse dyr; zoologi; økofysiologi

Studies on the factors determining variation in the reproductive success of the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica in Svarthamaren, Mühlig-Hofmannfjella - Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Andersen, Reidar; Pedersen, Hans Christian (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; fugler; ornitologi; reproduksjon; zoologi

Frimerkespalten - Tandberg, Arne Ingar (Skipet, 1990)
Keywords: Antarktis; Bouvetøya; ekspedisjoner; filateli; historie; logistikk; skip

På hvalfangst med blyant og farvestifter - Wexelsen, Einar (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1990)
Publisher: Museene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Nordmenn; Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangst; kunst; pelagisk

Pierce's kastebørse - et "Reodor Felgen" -patent med lang levetid - Wexelsen, Einar (Utkikksposten (Sandefjord) : kontaktorgan for Sandefjordmuseene, 1990)
Publisher: Museene Place: Sandefjord
Keywords: Sørishavet; historie; hvalfangst; hvalolje; patenter; pelagisk; utstyr

Glaciological and meteorological measurements in Dronning Maud Land - Winther, Jan-Gunnar (Report of the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1989/90, 1990)
Keywords: Dronning Maud Land; NARE 1989/90; ekspedisjoner; forskning; glasiologi; meteorologi