Antarktis-bibliografi er en database over den norske Antarktis-litteraturen.
Hensikten med bibliografien er å synliggjøre norsk antarktisforskning og annen virksomhet/historie i det ekstreme sør. Bibliografien er ikke komplett, spesielt ikke for nyere forskning, men den blir oppdatert.
Norsk er her definert som minst én norsk forfatter, publikasjonssted Norge eller publikasjon som har utspring i norsk forskningsprosjekt.
Antarktis er her definert som alt sør for 60 grader. I tillegg har vi tatt med Bouvetøya.
Det er ingen avgrensing på språk (men det meste av innholdet er på norsk eller engelsk). Eldre norske antarktispublikasjoner (den eldste er fra 1894) er dominert av kvalfangst og ekspedisjoner. I nyere tid er det den internasjonale polarforskninga som dominerer. Bibliografien er tverrfaglig; den dekker både naturvitenskapene, politikk, historie osv. Skjønnlitteratur er også inkludert, men ikke avisartikler eller upublisert materiale.
Til høyre finner du en «HELP-knapp» for informasjon om søkemulighetene i databasen. Mange referanser har lett synlige lenker til fulltekstversjon av det aktuelle dokumentet. For de fleste tidsskriftartiklene er det også lagt inn sammendrag.
Bibliografien er produsert ved Norsk Polarinstitutts bibliotek.
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Results 11 resources
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Stegosoladidus simplex (K. H. Barnard, 1930) and S. ingens (Chevreux, 1906) are both figured and redescribed. Three new species (Stegosoladidus antarcticus, S. complex and S. debroyeri) are described. The terminology used for classification of both setae and different setae arrangements is discussed, and the main types of setae are figured.
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In the 1950s and 1960s, the first data sets were assembled to examine whether or not there was a latitudinal gradient of species richness in the sea. These data comprised very few species and were from very small areas. However, recent data from large species lists covering broad geographical ranges suggest strongly that there is a gradient of increasing species richness from the Arctic to the tropics. However, the Southern Ocean has high species richness and in the southern hemisphere there is no clear evidence of a cline of increasing richness from pole to tropic. The great richness of the Southern Ocean compared with the Arctic is probably due to its great age, the fact that it covers a much larger area and that it has higher structural heterogeneity formed by living organisms. The importance of area as a determinant of species richness needs to be studied in more detail since most studies have been confined to small areas. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the species:area relationship and these are discussed. An alternative explanation for the latitudinal cline in the northern hemisphere is the energy-input hypothesis, but again this has not been adequately tested. Two studies on the relationship between local and regional species richness show a significant positive correlation. These findings suggest that local assemblages are not tightly organised and saturated with species but are open to recruitment from the regional species pool. Whether or not such a relationship holds in Antarctica is unknown. It is concluded that further studies of the Southern Ocean are likely to provide new findings fundamental to the "new" discipline of macroecology, which examines patterns and processes at the geographic scale.
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In the northern Weddell Gyre at the prime meridian, Total TCO2 changes in the Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) have been investigated. Following a suggestion by [Poisson and Chen, 1987], the TCO2 difference at potential temperatures of 0.2°C and −0.8°C was determined using data from 1996 and 1998. No significant difference was found to similar differences for the years 1973 and 1981 reported by Poisson and Chen. Thus, over a period of 25 years an at most minor amount of anthropogenic CO2 has penetrated into the WSBW at this location. This suggests that this abyssal subpolar region is relatively unimportant for the storage of anthropogenic CO2. The same core of WSBW exhibited a marked increase of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). For the Southern Ocean, therefore, CFCs are apparently of limited value as analogues of anthropogenic CO2, in contrast to some other ocean provinces.
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Phytoplankton dynamics in the open waters of the ice-edge zone of the Lazarev Sea were investigated over 12 consecutive days during a drogue study conducted in austral summer (December/January) 1994/1995. Throughout the study, the upper water column (<30 m) was stratified with a well-defined pycnocline evident. Although a subsurface intrusion of colder, more saline water into the region was recorded on days 5–9 of the experiment, its effect on the water column structure was negligible. Total surface chlorophyll a biomass doubled between days 1 and 5 (from 0.82 to 1.62 mg m–3), and then showed a tendency to stabilise, while the depth-integrated chlorophyll a standing stock displayed an increasing trend during the entire experiment. All changes in biomass were associated with an increase in microphytoplankton. Flagellates and picoplankton dominated cell counts, while diatoms composed most of the phytoplankton biovolume. Results of the study indicate that, during the period of investigation, average cell abundance decreased. Coupled with this decrease was an increase in the biovolume and average size of the phytoplankton. Phytoplankton succession was observed in the ice edge during the drogue study. Typical ice-associated species of genera Haslea, Fragilariopsis and Chaetoceros, which dominated at the beginning of study, were replaced by open-water species of genera Corethron, Dactyliosolen and Rhizosolenia. The shift in phytoplankton species composition and size can likely be related to high light intensities and grazing by microzooplankton. The intrusion of colder, more saline water on day 5 appeared to modify the diatom succession, indicating extreme variability in phytoplankton dynamics in the near ice-edge zone of the Lazarev Sea.
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Precautionary management is based on science, and is incompatible with large fluctuations in the management regime. Whaling is managed by the International Whaling Commission, and has seen large fluctuations. It is argued that both the period of intense Antarctic whaling and the current period of protectionism have been unduly prolonged by scientists expanding out of proportion the uncertainty surrounding management issues. In the 1950s, uncertainty concerning fin whale stock status and trend was consistently distorted from one quarter, and in the 1990s a minority in the Scientific Committee blocked consensus over the revised management procedure that had been successfully developed by the Committee. In both cases, the political consequence of expanded uncertainty in the science was lack of action resulting in a continuation of business as usual. Extending a period of heavy exploitation longer than the resource can sustain is mismanagement. Extending a period of extreme protectionism when the resource is known to scientists to sustain valuable exploitation is also mismanagement even from a conservationist point of view. This might, in fact, erode the role of science in management and thus prepare the ground for subsequent overexploitation. Distorting uncertainty by injecting controversy or otherwise expanding uncertainty has contributed to excessive fluctuations in management regimes and consequently in stock abundance. Detrimental fluctuations might continue, since science is side tracked and management now is based on sentiments that might fade.
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